diff --git a/src/main/java/module-info.java b/src/main/java/module-info.java
index 80c699c..4759b93 100644
--- a/src/main/java/module-info.java
+++ b/src/main/java/module-info.java
@@ -2,4 +2,5 @@ module org.jcnc.snow.compiler {
     requires java.desktop;
     requires java.logging;
     exports org.jcnc.snow.compiler.ir.core;
+    exports org.jcnc.snow.compiler.ir.instruction;
 }
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/ir/core/IRInstruction.java b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/ir/core/IRInstruction.java
index a0a5379..12f0c68 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/ir/core/IRInstruction.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/ir/core/IRInstruction.java
@@ -1,54 +1,16 @@
 package org.jcnc.snow.compiler.ir.core;
 
 import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.ir.value.IRVirtualRegister;
-
 import java.util.List;
 
 /**
- *
- * IRInstruction —— 所有 IR 指令的抽象基类（Abstract Base Class）。
- * <p>
- * 每一条 IR 指令都至少具备以下基本属性：
- * <p>
- *   - 操作符（op）：指示这条指令的操作类型，如加法、常量加载等。
- * <p>
- *   - 目标寄存器（dest）：保存运算结果的寄存器（某些指令可能没有结果）。
- * <p>
- *   - 操作数列表（operands）：指令所使用的操作数，如常量或寄存器。
- * <p>
- * 继承类可以根据需要覆盖 dest() 和 operands() 方法。
+ * IRInstruction —— 所有 IR 指令的抽象基类。
  */
 public abstract class IRInstruction {
-
-    /**
-     * 获取指令的操作符。
-     * 例如：ADD_I32、CONST、RET 等。
-     *
-     * @return 操作符枚举值（IROpCode）
-     */
     public abstract IROpCode op();
+    public IRVirtualRegister dest() { return null; }
+    public List<IRValue> operands() { return List.of(); }
 
-    /**
-     * 获取指令的目标寄存器（若有的话）。
-     *
-     * 默认返回 null，表示该指令没有结果寄存器。
-     * 子类可以根据需要覆盖此方法。
-     *
-     * @return 目标寄存器或 null
-     */
-    public IRVirtualRegister dest() {
-        return null;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * 获取指令的操作数列表。
-     *
-     * 默认返回空列表，表示没有任何操作数。
-     * 子类通常会根据指令类型重写此方法，返回实际的操作数（如左右子表达式、常量等）。
-     *
-     * @return 操作数列表
-     */
-    public List<IRValue> operands() {
-        return List.of();
-    }
-}
+    /** 访问者模式接口 */
+    public abstract void accept(IRVisitor visitor);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/ir/core/IRPrinter.java b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/ir/core/IRPrinter.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..02a72f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/ir/core/IRPrinter.java
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+package org.jcnc.snow.compiler.ir.core;
+
+import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.ir.instruction.IRAddInstruction;
+import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.ir.instruction.IRJumpInstruction;
+import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.ir.instruction.IRReturnInstruction;
+
+/**
+ * 一个示例访问者，实现 IRVisitor，用于打印 IR 指令信息。
+ */
+public abstract class IRPrinter implements IRVisitor {
+    @Override
+    public void visit(IRAddInstruction inst) {
+        System.out.println("Add: " + inst);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void visit(IRJumpInstruction inst) {
+        System.out.println("Jump: " + inst);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void visit(IRReturnInstruction inst) {
+        System.out.println("Return: " + inst);
+    }
+
+    // 你可以继续添加对其他 IRInstruction 子类的 visit 方法
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/ir/core/IRVisitor.java b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/ir/core/IRVisitor.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f26489b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/ir/core/IRVisitor.java
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+package org.jcnc.snow.compiler.ir.core;
+
+import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.ir.instruction.*;
+
+/**
+ * IRVisitor —— 访问者接口，用于对不同类型的 IR 指令进行操作（如打印、优化等）。
+ */
+public interface IRVisitor {
+    void visit(IRAddInstruction inst);
+    void visit(IRJumpInstruction inst);
+    void visit(IRReturnInstruction inst);
+    void visit(BinaryOperationInstruction inst);
+    void visit(LoadConstInstruction inst);
+    void visit(ReturnInstruction inst);
+    void visit(UnaryOperationInstruction inst);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/ir/instruction/BinaryOperationInstruction.java b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/ir/instruction/BinaryOperationInstruction.java
index 21455c6..22f6b10 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/ir/instruction/BinaryOperationInstruction.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/ir/instruction/BinaryOperationInstruction.java
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package org.jcnc.snow.compiler.ir.instruction;
 import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.ir.core.IRInstruction;
 import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.ir.core.IROpCode;
 import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.ir.core.IRValue;
+import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.ir.core.IRVisitor;
 import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.ir.value.IRVirtualRegister;
 
 import java.util.List;
@@ -80,4 +81,10 @@ public final class BinaryOperationInstruction extends IRInstruction {
     public String toString() {
         return dest + " = " + op + " " + lhs + ", " + rhs;
     }
+
+
+    @Override
+    public void accept(IRVisitor visitor) {
+        visitor.visit(this);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/ir/instruction/IRAddInstruction.java b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/ir/instruction/IRAddInstruction.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4e7a4b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/ir/instruction/IRAddInstruction.java
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+package org.jcnc.snow.compiler.ir.instruction;
+
+import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.ir.core.IRInstruction;
+import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.ir.core.IROpCode;
+import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.ir.core.IRValue;
+import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.ir.core.IRVisitor;
+import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.ir.value.IRVirtualRegister;
+
+import java.util.List;
+
+/**
+ * 表示一个加法指令，形如：dest = op1 + op2
+ */
+public class IRAddInstruction extends IRInstruction {
+    private final IRVirtualRegister dest;
+    private final IRValue lhs;
+    private final IRValue rhs;
+
+    public IRAddInstruction(IRVirtualRegister dest, IRValue lhs, IRValue rhs) {
+        this.dest = dest;
+        this.lhs = lhs;
+        this.rhs = rhs;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public IROpCode op() {
+        return IROpCode.ADD_I32;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public IRVirtualRegister dest() {
+        return dest;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public List<IRValue> operands() {
+        return List.of(lhs, rhs);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void accept(IRVisitor visitor) {
+        visitor.visit(this);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return dest + " = " + lhs + " + " + rhs;
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/ir/instruction/IRJumpInstruction.java b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/ir/instruction/IRJumpInstruction.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9b5bd3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/ir/instruction/IRJumpInstruction.java
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+package org.jcnc.snow.compiler.ir.instruction;
+
+import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.ir.core.IRInstruction;
+import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.ir.core.IROpCode;
+import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.ir.core.IRVisitor;
+
+/**
+ * 表示无条件跳转到标签的指令。
+ */
+public class IRJumpInstruction extends IRInstruction {
+    private final String label;
+
+    public IRJumpInstruction(String label) {
+        this.label = label;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public IROpCode op() {
+        return IROpCode.JUMP;
+    }
+
+    public String label() {
+        return label;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void accept(IRVisitor visitor) {
+        visitor.visit(this);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return "jump " + label;
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/ir/instruction/IRReturnInstruction.java b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/ir/instruction/IRReturnInstruction.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..61bd8b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/ir/instruction/IRReturnInstruction.java
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+package org.jcnc.snow.compiler.ir.instruction;
+
+
+import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.ir.core.IRInstruction;
+import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.ir.core.IROpCode;
+import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.ir.core.IRValue;
+import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.ir.core.IRVisitor;
+
+import java.util.List;
+
+/**
+ * 表示返回值的指令。
+ */
+public class IRReturnInstruction extends IRInstruction {
+    private final IRValue returnValue;
+
+    public IRReturnInstruction(IRValue returnValue) {
+        this.returnValue = returnValue;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public IROpCode op() {
+        return IROpCode.RET;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public List<IRValue> operands() {
+        return List.of(returnValue);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void accept(IRVisitor visitor) {
+        visitor.visit(this);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return "ret " + returnValue;
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/ir/instruction/LoadConstInstruction.java b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/ir/instruction/LoadConstInstruction.java
index 2756e46..bdf5a2e 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/ir/instruction/LoadConstInstruction.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/ir/instruction/LoadConstInstruction.java
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package org.jcnc.snow.compiler.ir.instruction;
 import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.ir.core.IRInstruction;
 import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.ir.core.IROpCode;
 import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.ir.core.IRValue;
+import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.ir.core.IRVisitor;
 import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.ir.value.IRConstant;
 import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.ir.value.IRVirtualRegister;
 
@@ -74,4 +75,10 @@ public final class LoadConstInstruction extends IRInstruction {
     public String toString() {
         return dest + " = CONST " + k;
     }
+
+
+    @Override
+    public void accept(IRVisitor visitor) {
+        visitor.visit(this);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/ir/instruction/ReturnInstruction.java b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/ir/instruction/ReturnInstruction.java
index 6f2921f..4b00499 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/ir/instruction/ReturnInstruction.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/ir/instruction/ReturnInstruction.java
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package org.jcnc.snow.compiler.ir.instruction;
 import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.ir.core.IRInstruction;
 import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.ir.core.IROpCode;
 import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.ir.core.IRValue;
+import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.ir.core.IRVisitor;
 import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.ir.value.IRVirtualRegister;
 
 import java.util.List;
@@ -83,4 +84,10 @@ public final class ReturnInstruction extends IRInstruction {
     public String toString() {
         return value == null ? "RET" : "RET " + value;
     }
+
+
+    @Override
+    public void accept(IRVisitor visitor) {
+        visitor.visit(this);
+    }
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/ir/instruction/UnaryOperationInstruction.java b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/ir/instruction/UnaryOperationInstruction.java
index 540fc0d..8ee8e84 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/ir/instruction/UnaryOperationInstruction.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/ir/instruction/UnaryOperationInstruction.java
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package org.jcnc.snow.compiler.ir.instruction;
 import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.ir.core.IRInstruction;
 import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.ir.core.IROpCode;
 import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.ir.core.IRValue;
+import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.ir.core.IRVisitor;
 import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.ir.value.IRVirtualRegister;
 
 import java.util.List;
@@ -82,4 +83,10 @@ public final class UnaryOperationInstruction extends IRInstruction {
     public String toString() {
         return dest + " = " + op + " " + val;
     }
+
+
+    @Override
+    public void accept(IRVisitor visitor) {
+        visitor.visit(this);
+    }
 }