diff --git a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/ir/builder/ExpressionBuilder.java b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/ir/builder/ExpressionBuilder.java
index 37c0c72..4070347 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/ir/builder/ExpressionBuilder.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/ir/builder/ExpressionBuilder.java
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ import java.util.Map;
 
 /**
  * ExpressionBuilder 将 AST 中的 ExpressionNode 转换为 IR 指令，并返回结果的虚拟寄存器。
- *
+ * <p>
  * 支持以下表达式类型：
  * <ul>
  *   <li>NumberLiteralNode —— 常量字面量，生成 LoadConstInstruction；</li>
@@ -72,8 +72,7 @@ public class ExpressionBuilder {
      */
     public IRVirtualRegister build(ExpressionNode expr) {
         // 1. 常量字面量处理
-        if (expr instanceof NumberLiteralNode ln) {
-            String value = ln.value();
+        if (expr instanceof NumberLiteralNode(String value)) {
             char suffix = value.isEmpty() ? '\0' : Character.toLowerCase(value.charAt(value.length() - 1));
             String digits = (suffix == 'b' || suffix == 's' || suffix == 'l' || suffix == 'f' || suffix == 'd')
                     ? value.substring(0, value.length() - 1)
@@ -112,33 +111,30 @@ public class ExpressionBuilder {
         }
 
         // 2. 变量标识符处理
-        if (expr instanceof IdentifierNode id) {
-            IRVirtualRegister reg = ctx.getScope().lookup(id.name());
+        if (expr instanceof IdentifierNode(String name)) {
+            IRVirtualRegister reg = ctx.getScope().lookup(name);
             if (reg == null) {
-                throw new IllegalStateException("未定义标识符: " + id.name());
+                throw new IllegalStateException("未定义标识符: " + name);
             }
             return reg;
         }
 
         // 3. 二元表达式处理
-        if (expr instanceof BinaryExpressionNode bin) {
-            ExpressionNode left = bin.left();
-            ExpressionNode right = bin.right();
-            String op = bin.operator();
+        if (expr instanceof BinaryExpressionNode(ExpressionNode left, String operator, ExpressionNode right)) {
             IRVirtualRegister lreg = build(left);
             IRVirtualRegister rreg = build(right);
 
             char suf = resolveSuffix(left, right);
             IROpCode code = switch (suf) {
-                case 'b' -> OP_I8.get(op);
-                case 's' -> OP_I16.get(op);
-                case 'l' -> OP_L64.get(op);
-                case 'f' -> OP_F32.get(op);
-                case 'd' -> OP_D64.get(op);
-                default  -> OP_I32.get(op);
+                case 'b' -> OP_I8.get(operator);
+                case 's' -> OP_I16.get(operator);
+                case 'l' -> OP_L64.get(operator);
+                case 'f' -> OP_F32.get(operator);
+                case 'd' -> OP_D64.get(operator);
+                default  -> OP_I32.get(operator);
             };
             if (code == null) {
-                throw new IllegalStateException("不支持的运算符: " + op);
+                throw new IllegalStateException("不支持的运算符: " + operator);
             }
             IRVirtualRegister dest = ctx.newRegister();
             ctx.addInstruction(new BinaryOperationInstruction(code, dest, lreg, rreg));
@@ -146,22 +142,21 @@ public class ExpressionBuilder {
         }
 
         // 4. 函数调用表达式处理
-        if (expr instanceof CallExpressionNode call) {
+        if (expr instanceof CallExpressionNode(ExpressionNode callee, List<ExpressionNode> arguments)) {
             // 构造实参寄存器列表，使用 IRValue 类型
             List<IRValue> args = new ArrayList<>();
-            for (ExpressionNode argNode : call.arguments()) {
+            for (ExpressionNode argNode : arguments) {
                 args.add(build(argNode));
             }
             // 解析 callee
             String fullName;
-            ExpressionNode callee = call.callee();
-            if (callee instanceof MemberExpressionNode men
-                    && men.object() instanceof IdentifierNode objId) {
+            if (callee instanceof MemberExpressionNode(ExpressionNode object, String member)
+                    && object instanceof IdentifierNode(String name)) {
                 // 模块静态调用
-                fullName = objId.name() + "." + men.member();
-            } else if (callee instanceof IdentifierNode id2) {
+                fullName = name + "." + member;
+            } else if (callee instanceof IdentifierNode(String name)) {
                 // 同模块调用
-                fullName = id2.name();
+                fullName = name;
             } else {
                 throw new IllegalStateException(
                         "不支持的调用目标: " + callee.getClass().getSimpleName()
@@ -181,11 +176,11 @@ public class ExpressionBuilder {
      * 决定二元运算类型后缀，基于两侧 NumberLiteralNode 的后缀。
      */
     private char resolveSuffix(ExpressionNode left, ExpressionNode right) {
-        char l = (left instanceof NumberLiteralNode ln)
-                ? Character.toLowerCase(ln.value().charAt(ln.value().length() - 1))
+        char l = (left instanceof NumberLiteralNode(String value))
+                ? Character.toLowerCase(value.charAt(value.length() - 1))
                 : '\0';
-        char r = (right instanceof NumberLiteralNode rn)
-                ? Character.toLowerCase(rn.value().charAt(rn.value().length() - 1))
+        char r = (right instanceof NumberLiteralNode(String value))
+                ? Character.toLowerCase(value.charAt(value.length() - 1))
                 : '\0';
         if (l == 'd' || r == 'd') return 'd';
         if (l == 'f' || r == 'f') return 'f';
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/ir/instruction/CallInstruction.java b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/ir/instruction/CallInstruction.java
index 9e6e944..7e9f152 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/ir/instruction/CallInstruction.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/ir/instruction/CallInstruction.java
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.ir.value.IRVirtualRegister;
 import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.ir.core.IRValue;
 
 import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.List;
 
 /**
@@ -21,7 +20,7 @@ public class CallInstruction extends IRInstruction {
     public CallInstruction(IRVirtualRegister dest, String functionName, List<IRValue> args) {
         this.dest = dest;
         this.functionName = functionName;
-        this.arguments = Collections.unmodifiableList(new ArrayList<>(args));
+        this.arguments = List.copyOf(args);
     }
 
     @Override
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/parser/function/FunctionParser.java b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/parser/function/FunctionParser.java
index d8fabd9..e6d37f1 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/parser/function/FunctionParser.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/parser/function/FunctionParser.java
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ import java.util.Map;
 
 /**
  * 顶层的函数定义解析器。
- *
+ * <p>
  * 通过 FlexibleSectionParser 按区块顺序解析函数的各个部分：
  * 函数头（名称）、参数列表、返回类型、函数体，并最终生成 FunctionNode。
  * 支持在参数或返回类型声明中出现注释，自动跳过注释和空行而不干扰语法解析。
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/parser/utils/FlexibleSectionParser.java b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/parser/utils/FlexibleSectionParser.java
index 3143421..db5f9b6 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/parser/utils/FlexibleSectionParser.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/parser/utils/FlexibleSectionParser.java
@@ -10,10 +10,10 @@ import java.util.function.Predicate;
 
 /**
  * 通用的解析器，用于解析结构化的内容部分，完全解耦合关键字和语法。
- *
+ * <p>
  * FlexibleSectionParser 提供了一个灵活的机制来解析可变的语法块。每个语法块的解析逻辑通过外部提供，
  * 该类仅负责按顺序解析不同的区块，直到遇到结束标记，同时能够跳过并收集注释供后续使用。
- *
+ * <p>
  * 使用此类可以解析如函数定义中的多个部分（如参数、返回类型、函数体等），而无需在解析器中硬编码这些结构，
  * 并且保留注释信息以便 IDE 或工具链进行注释跳转、重构等操作。
  */
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/vm/module/LocalVariableStore.java b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/vm/module/LocalVariableStore.java
index 8384aff..d1b56c0 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/vm/module/LocalVariableStore.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/vm/module/LocalVariableStore.java
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import org.jcnc.snow.vm.utils.LoggingUtils;
 import org.jcnc.snow.vm.engine.VMMode;
 
 import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Objects;
 
 /**
  * The {@code LocalVariableStore} represents a simple dynamically-sized
@@ -107,11 +108,9 @@ public class LocalVariableStore {
 
     /** Mode-specific UI hook (unchanged). */
     private void handleMode() {
-        switch (vmMode) {
-            case DEBUG ->
-                    LocalVariableStoreSwing.display(this, "Local Variable Table");
-            case RUN -> { /* no-op */ }
-            default -> { /* no-op */ }
+        /* no-op */
+        if (Objects.requireNonNull(vmMode) == VMMode.DEBUG) {
+            LocalVariableStoreSwing.display(this, "Local Variable Table");
         }
     }
 }