refactor: 重构虚拟机和编译器的调试输出逻辑

src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/lexer/core/LexerEngine.java

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 package org.jcnc.snow.compiler.lexer.core;
 
+import org.jcnc.snow.common.SnowConfig;
 import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.lexer.base.TokenScanner;
 import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.lexer.scanners.*;
 import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.lexer.token.Token;
@@ -10,6 +11,8 @@ import java.io.File;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
 
+import static org.jcnc.snow.common.SnowConfig.print;
+
 /**
  * Snow 语言词法分析器核心实现。
  * <p>采用“<b>先扫描 → 后批量校验 → 统一报告</b>”策略:
@@ -53,14 +56,17 @@ public class LexerEngine {
         /* 2. 后置整体校验 */
         validateTokens();
         /* 3. 打印 token */
-        TokenPrinter.print(tokens);
+        if (SnowConfig.isDebug()) {
+            TokenPrinter.print(tokens);
+        }
+
         /* 4. 统一报告错误 */
         report(errors);
     }
 
     public static void report(List<LexicalError> errors) {
         if (errors == null || errors.isEmpty()) {
-            System.out.println("\n## 词法分析通过，没有发现错误\n");
+            print("\n## 词法分析通过，没有发现错误\n");
             return;
         }
         System.err.println("\n词法分析发现 " + errors.size() + " 个错误: ");

src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/semantic/utils/SemanticAnalysisReporter.java

@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.semantic.error.SemanticError;
 
 import java.util.List;
 
+import static org.jcnc.snow.common.SnowConfig.print;
+
 /**
  * {@code SemanticAnalysisReporter} 用于在语义分析结束后汇总并打印所有收集到的
  * {@link SemanticError}。为了同时满足“完整错误收集”与“按需快速失败”两种使用场景，
@@ -28,7 +30,7 @@ public final class SemanticAnalysisReporter {
             System.err.println("语义分析发现 " + errors.size() + " 个错误: ");
             errors.forEach(err -> System.err.println("  " + err));
         } else {
-            System.out.println("\n## 语义分析通过，没有发现错误\n");
+            print("\n## 语义分析通过，没有发现错误\n");
         }
     }
 

src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/pkg/tasks/CompileTask.java

@@ -1,12 +1,14 @@
 package org.jcnc.snow.pkg.tasks;
 
 import org.jcnc.snow.cli.commands.CompileCommand;
-import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.backend.utils.OpHelper;
+import org.jcnc.snow.common.Mode;
+import org.jcnc.snow.common.SnowConfig;
 import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.backend.alloc.RegisterAllocator;
 import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.backend.builder.VMCodeGenerator;
 import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.backend.builder.VMProgramBuilder;
 import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.backend.core.InstructionGenerator;
 import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.backend.generator.InstructionGeneratorProvider;
+import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.backend.utils.OpHelper;
 import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.ir.builder.IRProgramBuilder;
 import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.ir.core.IRFunction;
 import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.ir.core.IRInstruction;
@@ -26,6 +28,8 @@ import java.nio.file.Files;
 import java.nio.file.Path;
 import java.util.*;
 
+import static org.jcnc.snow.common.SnowConfig.print;
+
 /**
  * CLI 任务: 编译 .snow 源文件为 VM 字节码（.water 文件）。
  * <p>
@@ -39,16 +43,20 @@ import java.util.*;
  * </pre>
  */
 public final class CompileTask implements Task {
-    /** 项目信息 */
+    /**
+     * 项目信息
+     */
     private final Project project;
-    /** 原始命令行参数 */
+    /**
+     * 原始命令行参数
+     */
     private final String[] args;
 
     /**
      * 创建一个编译任务。
      *
-     * @param project  项目信息对象
+     * @param project 项目信息对象
-     * @param args     命令行参数数组
+     * @param args    命令行参数数组
      */
     public CompileTask(Project project, String[] args) {
         this.project = project;
@@ -64,6 +72,56 @@ public final class CompileTask implements Task {
         this(project, new String[0]);
     }
 
+    /* ---------------------- 调试输出工具 ---------------------- */
+
+    /**
+     * 推断 .water 输出文件名。
+     * <ul>
+     *   <li>如果指定 -o，直接使用该名称。</li>
+     *   <li>目录编译时，取目录名。</li>
+     *   <li>单文件编译时，取文件名去掉 .snow 后缀。</li>
+     *   <li>否则默认 "program"。</li>
+     * </ul>
+     *
+     * @param sources 源文件路径列表
+     * @param outName 输出文件名（如有指定，否则为 null）
+     * @param dir     源码目录（如有指定，否则为 null）
+     * @return 推断出的输出文件路径（.water 文件）
+     */
+    private static Path deriveOutputPath(List<Path> sources, String outName, Path dir) {
+        String base;
+        if (outName != null) {
+            base = outName;
+        } else if (dir != null) {
+            base = dir.getFileName().toString();
+        } else if (sources.size() == 1) {
+            base = sources.getFirst().getFileName().toString()
+                    .replaceFirst("\\.snow$", "");
+        } else {
+            base = "program";
+        }
+        return Path.of(base + ".water");
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 将 main 函数调整至函数列表首位，确保程序入口为 PC=0。
+     *
+     * @param in 原始 IRProgram
+     * @return 调整入口后的 IRProgram
+     */
+    private static IRProgram reorderForEntry(IRProgram in) {
+        List<IRFunction> ordered = new ArrayList<>(in.functions());
+        for (int i = 0; i < ordered.size(); i++) {
+            if ("main".equals(ordered.get(i).name())) {
+                Collections.swap(ordered, 0, i);
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        IRProgram out = new IRProgram();
+        ordered.forEach(out::add);
+        return out;
+    }
+
     /**
      * 执行编译任务。该方法会解析参数并调用 {@link #execute(String[])} 进行实际编译流程。
      *
@@ -96,6 +154,7 @@ public final class CompileTask implements Task {
             String arg = args[i];
             switch (arg) {
                 case "run" -> runAfterCompile = true;
+                case "-debug" -> SnowConfig.MODE = Mode.DEBUG;
                 case "-o" -> {
                     if (i + 1 < args.length) outputName = args[++i];
                     else {
@@ -151,8 +210,8 @@ public final class CompileTask implements Task {
         // ---------------- 1. 词法/语法分析，并打印源代码 ----------------
         List<Node> allAst = new ArrayList<>();
 
-        System.out.println("## 编译器输出");
+        print("## 编译器输出");
-        System.out.println("### Snow 源代码");
+        print("### Snow 源代码");
 
         for (Path p : sources) {
             if (!Files.exists(p)) {
@@ -163,8 +222,8 @@ public final class CompileTask implements Task {
             String code = Files.readString(p, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
 
             // 打印源码
-            System.out.println("#### " + p.getFileName());
+            print("#### " + p.getFileName());
-            System.out.println(code);
+            print(code);
 
             // 词法、语法分析
             LexerEngine lexer = new LexerEngine(code, p.toString());
@@ -185,11 +244,11 @@ public final class CompileTask implements Task {
         program = reorderForEntry(program);
 
         // 打印 AST 和 IR
-        System.out.println("### AST");
+        print("### AST");
-        ASTPrinter.printJson(allAst);
+        if (SnowConfig.isDebug()) ASTPrinter.printJson(allAst);
 
-        System.out.println("### IR");
+        print("### IR");
-        System.out.println(program);
+        print(program.toString());
 
         // ---------------- 4. IR → VM 指令 ----------------
         VMProgramBuilder builder = new VMProgramBuilder();
@@ -203,74 +262,28 @@ public final class CompileTask implements Task {
         }
         List<String> finalCode = builder.build();
 
-        System.out.println("### VM code");
+        print("### VM code");
-        for (int i = 0; i < finalCode.size(); i++) {
+        if (SnowConfig.isDebug()) {
-            String[] parts = finalCode.get(i).split(" ");
+            for (int i = 0; i < finalCode.size(); i++) {
-            String name = OpHelper.opcodeName(parts[0]);
+                String[] parts = finalCode.get(i).split(" ");
-            parts = Arrays.copyOfRange(parts, 1, parts.length);
+                String name = OpHelper.opcodeName(parts[0]);
-            System.out.printf("%04d: %-10s %s\n", i, name, String.join(" ", parts));
+                parts = Arrays.copyOfRange(parts, 1, parts.length);
+                print("%04d: %-10s %s%n", i, name, String.join(" ", parts));
+            }
         }
 
         // ---------------- 5. 写出 .water 文件 ----------------
         Path outputFile = deriveOutputPath(sources, outputName, dir);
         Files.write(outputFile, finalCode, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
-        System.out.println("Written to " + outputFile.toAbsolutePath());
+        print("Written to " + outputFile.toAbsolutePath());
 
-        // ---------------- 6. 可选: 立即运行 VM ----------------
+        // ---------------- 6. 立即运行 VM ----------------
         if (runAfterCompile) {
-            System.out.println("\n=== Launching VM ===");
+            print("\n=== Launching VM ===");
             VMLauncher.main(new String[]{outputFile.toString()});
-            System.out.println("\n=== VM exited ===");
+            print("\n=== VM exited ===");
         }
 
         return 0;
     }
-
-    /**
-     * 推断 .water 输出文件名。
-     * <ul>
-     *   <li>如果指定 -o，直接使用该名称。</li>
-     *   <li>目录编译时，取目录名。</li>
-     *   <li>单文件编译时，取文件名去掉 .snow 后缀。</li>
-     *   <li>否则默认 "program"。</li>
-     * </ul>
-     *
-     * @param sources   源文件路径列表
-     * @param outName   输出文件名（如有指定，否则为 null）
-     * @param dir       源码目录（如有指定，否则为 null）
-     * @return 推断出的输出文件路径（.water 文件）
-     */
-    private static Path deriveOutputPath(List<Path> sources, String outName, Path dir) {
-        String base;
-        if (outName != null) {
-            base = outName;
-        } else if (dir != null) {
-            base = dir.getFileName().toString();
-        } else if (sources.size() == 1) {
-            base = sources.getFirst().getFileName().toString()
-                    .replaceFirst("\\.snow$", "");
-        } else {
-            base = "program";
-        }
-        return Path.of(base + ".water");
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * 将 main 函数调整至函数列表首位，确保程序入口为 PC=0。
-     *
-     * @param in 原始 IRProgram
-     * @return 调整入口后的 IRProgram
-     */
-    private static IRProgram reorderForEntry(IRProgram in) {
-        List<IRFunction> ordered = new ArrayList<>(in.functions());
-        for (int i = 0; i < ordered.size(); i++) {
-            if ("main".equals(ordered.get(i).name())) {
-                Collections.swap(ordered, 0, i);
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-        IRProgram out = new IRProgram();
-        ordered.forEach(out::add);
-        return out;
-    }
 }

src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/vm/VMInitializer.java

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 package org.jcnc.snow.vm;
 
+import org.jcnc.snow.common.Mode;
 import org.jcnc.snow.vm.execution.CommandLoader;
 import org.jcnc.snow.vm.engine.VMCommandExecutor;
-import org.jcnc.snow.vm.engine.VMMode;
 import org.jcnc.snow.vm.engine.VirtualMachineEngine;
 import org.jcnc.snow.vm.io.FilePathResolver;
 import org.jcnc.snow.vm.utils.VMStateLogger;
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ public class VMInitializer {
      * @param vmMode The mode in which the virtual machine should operate.
      *               This can be used to specify different operational modes (e.g., debug mode, normal mode).
      */
-    public static void initializeAndRunVM(String[] args, VMMode vmMode) {
+    public static void initializeAndRunVM(String[] args, Mode vmMode) {
         // Retrieve and validate file path
         String filePath = FilePathResolver.getFilePath(args);
         if (filePath == null) return;
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ public class VMInitializer {
         if (commands.isEmpty()) return;
 
         // Execute the commands using the virtual machine engine
-        VirtualMachineEngine virtualMachineEngine = new VirtualMachineEngine(vmMode);
+        VirtualMachineEngine virtualMachineEngine = new VirtualMachineEngine();
         VMCommandExecutor.executeInstructions(virtualMachineEngine, commands);
 
         // Print the virtual machine's state

src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/vm/VMLauncher.java

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package org.jcnc.snow.vm;
 
-import org.jcnc.snow.vm.engine.VMMode;
+
+import org.jcnc.snow.common.Mode;
 
 import static org.jcnc.snow.vm.VMInitializer.initializeAndRunVM;
 
@@ -12,7 +13,7 @@ import static org.jcnc.snow.vm.VMInitializer.initializeAndRunVM;
  *
  * <p>This class provides the entry point to launch the virtual machine. The main method retrieves the file path
  * of the VM instructions from the command-line arguments, initializes the VM engine, and runs the VM in the
- * specified mode (e.g., {@link VMMode#DEBUG}).</p>
+ * specified mode (e.g., {@link Mode#DEBUG}).</p>
  */
 public class VMLauncher {
 
@@ -44,6 +45,6 @@ public class VMLauncher {
      */
     public static void main(String[] args) {
         // Call the method that initializes and runs the VM in DEBUG mode
-        initializeAndRunVM(args, VMMode.RUN);
+        initializeAndRunVM(args, Mode.RUN);
     }
 }

src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/vm/commands/flow/control/CallCommand.java

@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 package org.jcnc.snow.vm.commands.flow.control;
 
-import org.jcnc.snow.vm.engine.VMMode;
+import org.jcnc.snow.common.Mode;
 import org.jcnc.snow.vm.interfaces.Command;
 import org.jcnc.snow.vm.module.*;
 
+import static org.jcnc.snow.common.SnowConfig.print;
+
 /**
  * The CallCommand class implements the {@link Command} interface and represents a subroutine/function call
  * instruction in the virtual machine.
@@ -32,18 +34,18 @@ public class CallCommand implements Command {
      * and control transfer to the target function address.
      * </p>
      *
-     * @param parts         The instruction parameters. Must include:
+     * @param parts        The instruction parameters. Must include:
-     *                      <ul>
+     *                     <ul>
-     *                          <li>{@code parts[0]}: The "CALL" operator.</li>
+     *                         <li>{@code parts[0]}: The "CALL" operator.</li>
-     *                          <li>{@code parts[1]}: The target address of the callee function.</li>
+     *                         <li>{@code parts[1]}: The target address of the callee function.</li>
-     *                          <li>{@code parts[2]}: The number of arguments to pass.</li>
+     *                         <li>{@code parts[2]}: The number of arguments to pass.</li>
-     *                      </ul>
+     *                     </ul>
-     * @param currentPC     The current program counter, used to record the return address for after the call.
+     * @param currentPC    The current program counter, used to record the return address for after the call.
-     * @param operandStack  The operand stack manager. Arguments are popped from this stack.
+     * @param operandStack The operand stack manager. Arguments are popped from this stack.
-     * @param callerLVS     The local variable store of the caller function (not directly modified here).
+     * @param callerLVS    The local variable store of the caller function (not directly modified here).
-     * @param callStack     The virtual machine's call stack manager, used to push the new stack frame.
+     * @param callStack    The virtual machine's call stack manager, used to push the new stack frame.
      * @return The new program counter value, which is the address of the callee function (i.e., jump target).
-     *         The VM should transfer control to this address after setting up the call frame.
+     * The VM should transfer control to this address after setting up the call frame.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException If the instruction parameters are malformed or missing.
      * @throws IllegalStateException    If the operand stack does not contain enough arguments.
      */
@@ -61,13 +63,13 @@ public class CallCommand implements Command {
         int nArgs;
         try {
             targetAddr = Integer.parseInt(parts[1]);
-            nArgs      = Integer.parseInt(parts[2]);
+            nArgs = Integer.parseInt(parts[2]);
         } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
             throw new IllegalArgumentException("CALL: malformed operands", e);
         }
 
         /* build new frame & local table for callee */
-        LocalVariableStore calleeLVS = new LocalVariableStore(VMMode.RUN);
+        LocalVariableStore calleeLVS = new LocalVariableStore();
 
         /* transfer arguments: operand stack top is last arg */
         for (int slot = nArgs - 1; slot >= 0; slot--) {
@@ -80,7 +82,7 @@ public class CallCommand implements Command {
                 new MethodContext("subroutine@" + targetAddr, null));
         callStack.pushFrame(newFrame);
 
-        System.out.println("\nCalling function at address: " + targetAddr);
+        print("\nCalling function at address: " + targetAddr);
         return targetAddr;   // jump
     }
 }

src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/vm/commands/flow/control/RetCommand.java

@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ package org.jcnc.snow.vm.commands.flow.control;
 import org.jcnc.snow.vm.interfaces.Command;
 import org.jcnc.snow.vm.module.*;
 
+import static org.jcnc.snow.common.SnowConfig.print;
+
 /**
  * Implements the {@code RET} instruction (method return).
  *
@@ -44,7 +46,7 @@ public class RetCommand implements Command {
         finished.getLocalVariableStore().clearVariables();
 
         int returnAddr = finished.getReturnAddress();
-        System.out.println("\nReturn " + returnAddr);
+        print("\nReturn " + returnAddr);
         return returnAddr;
     }
 }

src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/vm/engine/VirtualMachineEngine.java

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 package org.jcnc.snow.vm.engine;
 
+import org.jcnc.snow.common.Mode;
 import org.jcnc.snow.vm.execution.CommandExecutionHandler;
 import org.jcnc.snow.vm.module.*;
 
@@ -53,10 +54,10 @@ public class VirtualMachineEngine {
      *
      * @param vmMode execution mode (DEBUG / RUN)
      */
-    public VirtualMachineEngine(VMMode vmMode) {
+    public VirtualMachineEngine() {
         this.operandStack       = new OperandStack();
         this.callStack          = new CallStack();
-        this.localVariableStore = new LocalVariableStore(vmMode); // shared with root frame
+        this.localVariableStore = new LocalVariableStore(); // shared with root frame
         this.commandExecutionHandler =
                 new CommandExecutionHandler(operandStack, localVariableStore, callStack);
         this.programCounter = 0;

src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/vm/module/LocalVariableStore.java

@@ -1,11 +1,10 @@
 package org.jcnc.snow.vm.module;
 
+import org.jcnc.snow.common.SnowConfig;
 import org.jcnc.snow.vm.gui.LocalVariableStoreSwing;
 import org.jcnc.snow.vm.utils.LoggingUtils;
-import org.jcnc.snow.vm.engine.VMMode;
 
 import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.Objects;
 
 /**
  * The {@code LocalVariableStore} represents a simple dynamically-sized
@@ -18,25 +17,23 @@ import java.util.Objects;
 public class LocalVariableStore {
 
     private final ArrayList<Object> localVariables;
-    private final VMMode vmMode;
-
     /* ---------- construction ---------- */
 
-    public LocalVariableStore(VMMode vmMode, int initialCapacity) {
+    public LocalVariableStore(int initialCapacity) {
         this.localVariables = new ArrayList<>(initialCapacity);
-        this.vmMode = vmMode;
         handleMode();
     }
 
-    public LocalVariableStore(VMMode vmMode) {
+    public LocalVariableStore() {
         this.localVariables = new ArrayList<>();
-        this.vmMode = vmMode;
         handleMode();
     }
 
     /* ---------- public API ---------- */
 
-    /** Sets the value at {@code index}, expanding the list if necessary. */
+    /**
+     * Sets the value at {@code index}, expanding the list if necessary.
+     */
     public void setVariable(int index, Object value) {
         ensureCapacity(index + 1);
         localVariables.set(index, value);
@@ -46,10 +43,17 @@ public class LocalVariableStore {
      * 兼容早期实现: VM 指令译码器可直接调用 store / load
      * 而无需关心内部命名差异。
      * ------------------------------------------------------------ */
-    public void store(int index, Object value) { setVariable(index, value); }
+    public void store(int index, Object value) {
-    public Object load(int index)              { return getVariable(index); }
+        setVariable(index, value);
+    }
 
-    /** Returns the value at {@code index}. */
+    public Object load(int index) {
+        return getVariable(index);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the value at {@code index}.
+     */
     public Object getVariable(int index) {
         /* 修改点 #1 —— 自动扩容以避免 LOAD 越界异常  */
         if (index < 0)
@@ -58,12 +62,16 @@ public class LocalVariableStore {
         return localVariables.get(index);   // 可能为 null，符合 JVM 语义
     }
 
-    /** Exposes the backing list (read-only preferred). */
+    /**
+     * Exposes the backing list (read-only preferred).
+     */
     public ArrayList<Object> getLocalVariables() {
         return localVariables;
     }
 
-    /** Prints every slot to the logger. */
+    /**
+     * Prints every slot to the logger.
+     */
     public void printLv() {
         if (localVariables.isEmpty()) {
             LoggingUtils.logInfo("Local variable table is empty", "");
@@ -76,7 +84,9 @@ public class LocalVariableStore {
         }
     }
 
-    /** Clears all variables (used when a stack frame is popped). */
+    /**
+     * Clears all variables (used when a stack frame is popped).
+     */
     public void clearVariables() {
         localVariables.clear();
     }
@@ -99,7 +109,9 @@ public class LocalVariableStore {
 
     /* ---------- internal helpers ---------- */
 
-    /** Ensures backing list can hold {@code minCapacity} slots. */
+    /**
+     * Ensures backing list can hold {@code minCapacity} slots.
+     */
     private void ensureCapacity(int minCapacity) {
         /* 修改点 #3 —— 使用 while 循环填充 null，确保 slot 可随机写入 */
         while (localVariables.size() < minCapacity) {
@@ -107,10 +119,12 @@ public class LocalVariableStore {
         }
     }
 
-    /** Mode-specific UI hook (unchanged). */
+    /**
+     * Mode-specific UI hook (unchanged).
+     */
     private void handleMode() {
         /* no-op */
-        if (Objects.requireNonNull(vmMode) == VMMode.DEBUG) {
+        if (SnowConfig.isDebug()) {
             LocalVariableStoreSwing.display(this, "Local Variable Table");
         }
     }

src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/vm/utils/LoggingUtils.java

@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ package org.jcnc.snow.vm.utils;
 import java.util.logging.Level;
 import java.util.logging.Logger;
 
+import static org.jcnc.snow.common.SnowConfig.print;
+
 /**
  * The LoggingUtils class provides logging functionality, supporting different log levels for output.
  * This class uses Java's built-in logging system for logging, supporting both console output and log file recording.
@@ -51,6 +53,6 @@ public class LoggingUtils {
      */
     public static void logInfo(String title, String message) {
         // Output the informational message to the console
-        System.out.println(title + message);
+        print(title + message);
     }
 }