From 16a5d8d6ac5267e43f80360ced4e99484479dde3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Luke <luke.k.xu@hotmail.com>
Date: Mon, 28 Jul 2025 09:56:09 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 01/42] =?UTF-8?q?test:=20=E6=B7=BB=E5=8A=A0=20Demo15=20?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=E9=A1=B9=E7=9B=AE?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 playground/Demo/Demo15/Main.snow |  9 +++++++++
 playground/Demo/Demo15/OS.snow   | 11 +++++++++++
 2 files changed, 20 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 playground/Demo/Demo15/Main.snow
 create mode 100644 playground/Demo/Demo15/OS.snow

diff --git a/playground/Demo/Demo15/Main.snow b/playground/Demo/Demo15/Main.snow
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7ef2b05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/playground/Demo/Demo15/Main.snow
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+module: Main
+    import: os
+    function: main
+        return_type: void
+        body:
+            print(222)
+        end body
+    end function
+end module
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/playground/Demo/Demo15/OS.snow b/playground/Demo/Demo15/OS.snow
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6026d43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/playground/Demo/Demo15/OS.snow
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+module: os
+    import: os
+    function: print
+        parameter:
+            declare i1: int
+        return_type: void
+        body:
+            syscall("PRINT",i1)
+        end body
+    end function
+end module
\ No newline at end of file

From 4081d7d9286fff3e935e0f288d2c6ba8c6476291 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Luke <luke.k.xu@hotmail.com>
Date: Mon, 28 Jul 2025 10:00:30 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 02/42] =?UTF-8?q?chore:=20=E7=A7=BB=E9=99=A4=E4=BB=A3?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=E7=A0=81=E8=A6=86=E7=9B=96=E7=8E=87=E9=85=8D=E7=BD=AE?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 .run/Bug1.run.xml    | 6 ------
 .run/Demo1.run.xml   | 6 ------
 .run/Demo10.run.xml  | 6 ------
 .run/Demo11.run.xml  | 6 ------
 .run/Demo12.run.xml  | 6 ------
 .run/Demo2.run.xml   | 6 ------
 .run/Demo3.run.xml   | 6 ------
 .run/Demo4.run.xml   | 6 ------
 .run/Demo5.run.xml   | 6 ------
 .run/Demo6.run.xml   | 6 ------
 .run/Demo7.run.xml   | 6 ------
 .run/Demo8.run.xml   | 6 ------
 .run/Demo9.run.xml   | 6 ------
 .run/Help.run.xml    | 6 ------
 .run/Version.run.xml | 6 ------
 15 files changed, 90 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.run/Bug1.run.xml b/.run/Bug1.run.xml
index f9c6da7..3c8e9ce 100644
--- a/.run/Bug1.run.xml
+++ b/.run/Bug1.run.xml
@@ -4,12 +4,6 @@
     <option name="MAIN_CLASS_NAME" value="org.jcnc.snow.cli.SnowCLI" />
     <module name="Snow" />
     <option name="PROGRAM_PARAMETERS" value="compile run -d playground/BugFarm/Bug1 -o target/Bug1" />
-    <extension name="coverage">
-      <pattern>
-        <option name="PATTERN" value="org.jcnc.snow.compiler.parser.preprocessor.lexer.impl.api.*" />
-        <option name="ENABLED" value="true" />
-      </pattern>
-    </extension>
     <method v="2">
       <option name="Make" enabled="true" />
     </method>
diff --git a/.run/Demo1.run.xml b/.run/Demo1.run.xml
index 055866b..42b22c4 100644
--- a/.run/Demo1.run.xml
+++ b/.run/Demo1.run.xml
@@ -4,12 +4,6 @@
     <option name="MAIN_CLASS_NAME" value="org.jcnc.snow.cli.SnowCLI" />
     <module name="Snow" />
     <option name="PROGRAM_PARAMETERS" value="compile run -d playground/Demo/Demo1 -o target/Demo1" />
-    <extension name="coverage">
-      <pattern>
-        <option name="PATTERN" value="org.jcnc.snow.compiler.parser.preprocessor.lexer.impl.api.*" />
-        <option name="ENABLED" value="true" />
-      </pattern>
-    </extension>
     <method v="2">
       <option name="Make" enabled="true" />
     </method>
diff --git a/.run/Demo10.run.xml b/.run/Demo10.run.xml
index 3f6bf8b..45a3082 100644
--- a/.run/Demo10.run.xml
+++ b/.run/Demo10.run.xml
@@ -4,12 +4,6 @@
     <option name="MAIN_CLASS_NAME" value="org.jcnc.snow.cli.SnowCLI" />
     <module name="Snow" />
     <option name="PROGRAM_PARAMETERS" value="compile run -d playground/Demo/Demo10 -o target/Demo10" />
-    <extension name="coverage">
-      <pattern>
-        <option name="PATTERN" value="org.jcnc.snow.compiler.parser.preprocessor.lexer.impl.api.*" />
-        <option name="ENABLED" value="true" />
-      </pattern>
-    </extension>
     <method v="2">
       <option name="Make" enabled="true" />
     </method>
diff --git a/.run/Demo11.run.xml b/.run/Demo11.run.xml
index ea7c1fc..a063d41 100644
--- a/.run/Demo11.run.xml
+++ b/.run/Demo11.run.xml
@@ -4,12 +4,6 @@
     <option name="MAIN_CLASS_NAME" value="org.jcnc.snow.cli.SnowCLI" />
     <module name="Snow" />
     <option name="PROGRAM_PARAMETERS" value="compile run -d playground/Demo/Demo11 -o target/Demo11" />
-    <extension name="coverage">
-      <pattern>
-        <option name="PATTERN" value="org.jcnc.snow.compiler.parser.preprocessor.lexer.impl.api.*" />
-        <option name="ENABLED" value="true" />
-      </pattern>
-    </extension>
     <method v="2">
       <option name="Make" enabled="true" />
     </method>
diff --git a/.run/Demo12.run.xml b/.run/Demo12.run.xml
index 5d75b19..784a031 100644
--- a/.run/Demo12.run.xml
+++ b/.run/Demo12.run.xml
@@ -4,12 +4,6 @@
     <option name="MAIN_CLASS_NAME" value="org.jcnc.snow.cli.SnowCLI" />
     <module name="Snow" />
     <option name="PROGRAM_PARAMETERS" value="compile run -d playground/Demo/Demo12 -o target/Demo12" />
-    <extension name="coverage">
-      <pattern>
-        <option name="PATTERN" value="org.jcnc.snow.compiler.parser.preprocessor.lexer.impl.api.*" />
-        <option name="ENABLED" value="true" />
-      </pattern>
-    </extension>
     <method v="2">
       <option name="Make" enabled="true" />
     </method>
diff --git a/.run/Demo2.run.xml b/.run/Demo2.run.xml
index 3b10a4e..a4fde6d 100644
--- a/.run/Demo2.run.xml
+++ b/.run/Demo2.run.xml
@@ -4,12 +4,6 @@
     <option name="MAIN_CLASS_NAME" value="org.jcnc.snow.cli.SnowCLI" />
     <module name="Snow" />
     <option name="PROGRAM_PARAMETERS" value="compile run -d playground/Demo/Demo2 -o target/Demo2" />
-    <extension name="coverage">
-      <pattern>
-        <option name="PATTERN" value="org.jcnc.snow.compiler.parser.preprocessor.lexer.impl.api.*" />
-        <option name="ENABLED" value="true" />
-      </pattern>
-    </extension>
     <method v="2">
       <option name="Make" enabled="true" />
     </method>
diff --git a/.run/Demo3.run.xml b/.run/Demo3.run.xml
index 9d0224e..925a855 100644
--- a/.run/Demo3.run.xml
+++ b/.run/Demo3.run.xml
@@ -4,12 +4,6 @@
     <option name="MAIN_CLASS_NAME" value="org.jcnc.snow.cli.SnowCLI" />
     <module name="Snow" />
     <option name="PROGRAM_PARAMETERS" value="compile run -d playground/Demo/Demo3 -o target/Demo3" />
-    <extension name="coverage">
-      <pattern>
-        <option name="PATTERN" value="org.jcnc.snow.compiler.parser.preprocessor.lexer.impl.api.*" />
-        <option name="ENABLED" value="true" />
-      </pattern>
-    </extension>
     <method v="2">
       <option name="Make" enabled="true" />
     </method>
diff --git a/.run/Demo4.run.xml b/.run/Demo4.run.xml
index a84cbe3..d3614dc 100644
--- a/.run/Demo4.run.xml
+++ b/.run/Demo4.run.xml
@@ -4,12 +4,6 @@
     <option name="MAIN_CLASS_NAME" value="org.jcnc.snow.cli.SnowCLI" />
     <module name="Snow" />
     <option name="PROGRAM_PARAMETERS" value="compile run -d playground/Demo/Demo4 -o target/Demo4" />
-    <extension name="coverage">
-      <pattern>
-        <option name="PATTERN" value="org.jcnc.snow.compiler.parser.preprocessor.lexer.impl.api.*" />
-        <option name="ENABLED" value="true" />
-      </pattern>
-    </extension>
     <method v="2">
       <option name="Make" enabled="true" />
     </method>
diff --git a/.run/Demo5.run.xml b/.run/Demo5.run.xml
index e392f42..234995d 100644
--- a/.run/Demo5.run.xml
+++ b/.run/Demo5.run.xml
@@ -4,12 +4,6 @@
     <option name="MAIN_CLASS_NAME" value="org.jcnc.snow.cli.SnowCLI" />
     <module name="Snow" />
     <option name="PROGRAM_PARAMETERS" value="compile run -d playground/Demo/Demo5 -o target/Demo5" />
-    <extension name="coverage">
-      <pattern>
-        <option name="PATTERN" value="org.jcnc.snow.compiler.parser.preprocessor.lexer.impl.api.*" />
-        <option name="ENABLED" value="true" />
-      </pattern>
-    </extension>
     <method v="2">
       <option name="Make" enabled="true" />
     </method>
diff --git a/.run/Demo6.run.xml b/.run/Demo6.run.xml
index a55fc8e..2f425b9 100644
--- a/.run/Demo6.run.xml
+++ b/.run/Demo6.run.xml
@@ -4,12 +4,6 @@
     <option name="MAIN_CLASS_NAME" value="org.jcnc.snow.cli.SnowCLI" />
     <module name="Snow" />
     <option name="PROGRAM_PARAMETERS" value="compile run -d playground/Demo/Demo6 -o target/Demo6" />
-    <extension name="coverage">
-      <pattern>
-        <option name="PATTERN" value="org.jcnc.snow.compiler.parser.preprocessor.lexer.impl.api.*" />
-        <option name="ENABLED" value="true" />
-      </pattern>
-    </extension>
     <method v="2">
       <option name="Make" enabled="true" />
     </method>
diff --git a/.run/Demo7.run.xml b/.run/Demo7.run.xml
index e8479ec..b8828cb 100644
--- a/.run/Demo7.run.xml
+++ b/.run/Demo7.run.xml
@@ -4,12 +4,6 @@
     <option name="MAIN_CLASS_NAME" value="org.jcnc.snow.cli.SnowCLI" />
     <module name="Snow" />
     <option name="PROGRAM_PARAMETERS" value="compile run -d playground/Demo/Demo7 -o target/Demo7" />
-    <extension name="coverage">
-      <pattern>
-        <option name="PATTERN" value="org.jcnc.snow.compiler.parser.preprocessor.lexer.impl.api.*" />
-        <option name="ENABLED" value="true" />
-      </pattern>
-    </extension>
     <method v="2">
       <option name="Make" enabled="true" />
     </method>
diff --git a/.run/Demo8.run.xml b/.run/Demo8.run.xml
index d4554e1..ea76861 100644
--- a/.run/Demo8.run.xml
+++ b/.run/Demo8.run.xml
@@ -4,12 +4,6 @@
     <option name="MAIN_CLASS_NAME" value="org.jcnc.snow.cli.SnowCLI" />
     <module name="Snow" />
     <option name="PROGRAM_PARAMETERS" value="compile run -d playground/Demo/Demo8 -o target/Demo8" />
-    <extension name="coverage">
-      <pattern>
-        <option name="PATTERN" value="org.jcnc.snow.compiler.parser.preprocessor.lexer.impl.api.*" />
-        <option name="ENABLED" value="true" />
-      </pattern>
-    </extension>
     <method v="2">
       <option name="Make" enabled="true" />
     </method>
diff --git a/.run/Demo9.run.xml b/.run/Demo9.run.xml
index 1002732..a542ab5 100644
--- a/.run/Demo9.run.xml
+++ b/.run/Demo9.run.xml
@@ -4,12 +4,6 @@
     <option name="MAIN_CLASS_NAME" value="org.jcnc.snow.cli.SnowCLI" />
     <module name="Snow" />
     <option name="PROGRAM_PARAMETERS" value="compile run -d playground/Demo/Demo9 -o target/Demo9" />
-    <extension name="coverage">
-      <pattern>
-        <option name="PATTERN" value="org.jcnc.snow.compiler.parser.preprocessor.lexer.impl.api.*" />
-        <option name="ENABLED" value="true" />
-      </pattern>
-    </extension>
     <method v="2">
       <option name="Make" enabled="true" />
     </method>
diff --git a/.run/Help.run.xml b/.run/Help.run.xml
index 849a3b4..89a7af9 100644
--- a/.run/Help.run.xml
+++ b/.run/Help.run.xml
@@ -3,12 +3,6 @@
     <option name="MAIN_CLASS_NAME" value="org.jcnc.snow.cli.SnowCLI" />
     <module name="Snow" />
     <option name="PROGRAM_PARAMETERS" value="--help" />
-    <extension name="coverage">
-      <pattern>
-        <option name="PATTERN" value="org.jcnc.snow.cli.SnowCLI" />
-        <option name="ENABLED" value="true" />
-      </pattern>
-    </extension>
     <method v="2">
       <option name="Make" enabled="true" />
     </method>
diff --git a/.run/Version.run.xml b/.run/Version.run.xml
index 5816f30..954c579 100644
--- a/.run/Version.run.xml
+++ b/.run/Version.run.xml
@@ -3,12 +3,6 @@
     <option name="MAIN_CLASS_NAME" value="org.jcnc.snow.cli.SnowCLI" />
     <module name="Snow" />
     <option name="PROGRAM_PARAMETERS" value="--version" />
-    <extension name="coverage">
-      <pattern>
-        <option name="PATTERN" value="org.jcnc.snow.cli.SnowCLI" />
-        <option name="ENABLED" value="true" />
-      </pattern>
-    </extension>
     <method v="2">
       <option name="Make" enabled="true" />
     </method>

From 8d992001f9f564a7d0d9b992fd27ebaf080837ee Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Luke <luke.k.xu@hotmail.com>
Date: Mon, 28 Jul 2025 10:00:41 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 03/42] =?UTF-8?q?chore:=20=E6=B7=BB=E5=8A=A0=20Demo15?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=E8=BF=90=E8=A1=8C=E9=85=8D=E7=BD=AE=E6=96=87=E4=BB=B6?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 .run/Demo15.run.xml | 10 ++++++++++
 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 .run/Demo15.run.xml

diff --git a/.run/Demo15.run.xml b/.run/Demo15.run.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e87be38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.run/Demo15.run.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+<component name="ProjectRunConfigurationManager">
+  <configuration default="false" name="Demo15" type="Application" factoryName="Application" folderName="Demo">
+    <option name="MAIN_CLASS_NAME" value="org.jcnc.snow.cli.SnowCLI" />
+    <module name="Snow" />
+    <option name="PROGRAM_PARAMETERS" value="compile run -d playground/Demo/Demo15 -o target/Demo15 -debug" />
+    <method v="2">
+      <option name="Make" enabled="true" />
+    </method>
+  </configuration>
+</component>
\ No newline at end of file

From f5a6443c8a02afb1cf33f1a6b4ed53508cd0d009 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Luke <luke.k.xu@hotmail.com>
Date: Mon, 28 Jul 2025 10:25:13 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 04/42] =?UTF-8?q?refactor:=20=E5=B0=86=E8=B0=83=E8=AF=95?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=E6=A0=87=E5=BF=97=E4=BB=8E=20-debug=20=E6=94=B9=E4=B8=BA=20--d?=
 =?UTF-8?q?ebug?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/cli/commands/CompileCommand.java | 4 ++--
 src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/pkg/tasks/CompileTask.java       | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/cli/commands/CompileCommand.java b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/cli/commands/CompileCommand.java
index 361413b..6955a16 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/cli/commands/CompileCommand.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/cli/commands/CompileCommand.java
@@ -60,9 +60,9 @@ public final class CompileCommand implements CLICommand {
 
             List<String> argList = new ArrayList<>();
 
-            // 保留用户在 cloud 模式下传入的 “run” / “-debug” 标志
+            // 保留用户在 cloud 模式下传入的 “run” / “--debug” 标志
             for (String a : args) {
-                if ("run".equals(a) || "-debug".equals(a)) {
+                if ("run".equals(a) || "--debug".equals(a)) {
                     argList.add(a);
                 }
             }
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/pkg/tasks/CompileTask.java b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/pkg/tasks/CompileTask.java
index c908125..8eba5b9 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/pkg/tasks/CompileTask.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/pkg/tasks/CompileTask.java
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ public final class CompileTask implements Task {
             String arg = args[i];
             switch (arg) {
                 case "run" -> runAfterCompile = true;
-                case "-debug" -> SnowConfig.MODE = Mode.DEBUG;
+                case "--debug" -> SnowConfig.MODE = Mode.DEBUG;
                 case "-o" -> {
                     if (i + 1 < args.length) outputName = args[++i];
                     else {

From 421eb0a0d9cc52a746b756b284b51e68b5355a6f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Luke <luke.k.xu@hotmail.com>
Date: Mon, 28 Jul 2025 10:26:18 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 05/42] =?UTF-8?q?chore:=20=E4=BF=AE=E6=AD=A3=20Debug=20?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=E5=8F=82=E6=95=B0=E6=A0=BC=E5=BC=8F?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 .run/Demo15.run.xml | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/.run/Demo15.run.xml b/.run/Demo15.run.xml
index e87be38..1767560 100644
--- a/.run/Demo15.run.xml
+++ b/.run/Demo15.run.xml
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   <configuration default="false" name="Demo15" type="Application" factoryName="Application" folderName="Demo">
     <option name="MAIN_CLASS_NAME" value="org.jcnc.snow.cli.SnowCLI" />
     <module name="Snow" />
-    <option name="PROGRAM_PARAMETERS" value="compile run -d playground/Demo/Demo15 -o target/Demo15 -debug" />
+    <option name="PROGRAM_PARAMETERS" value="compile run -d playground/Demo/Demo15 -o target/Demo15 --debug" />
     <method v="2">
       <option name="Make" enabled="true" />
     </method>

From 21ca6e6cabed5ab1a603c45568c122aabdf02ad5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Luke <luke.k.xu@hotmail.com>
Date: Mon, 28 Jul 2025 13:39:33 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 06/42] =?UTF-8?q?feat:=20=E6=94=AF=E6=8C=81=E6=A8=A1?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=E5=9D=97=E5=85=A8=E5=B1=80=E5=8F=98=E9=87=8F=E5=A3=B0=E6=98=8E?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

- 在 ModuleNode 中添加 globals 字段，用于存储全局变量声明
- 实现 globals 区块的解析逻辑，支持全局变量的声明
- 更新 ASTJsonSerializer 以支持全局变量的序列化
- 修改 FunctionChecker 和 IRProgramBuilder 以支持全局变量
---
 .../compiler/ir/builder/IRProgramBuilder.java | 33 +++++++++++--
 .../compiler/lexer/token/TokenFactory.java    |  4 +-
 .../snow/compiler/parser/ast/ModuleNode.java  |  6 +++
 .../compiler/parser/module/ModuleParser.java  | 46 +++++++++++++++----
 .../parser/utils/ASTJsonSerializer.java       | 13 +++++-
 .../semantic/core/FunctionChecker.java        | 16 +++++--
 6 files changed, 97 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/ir/builder/IRProgramBuilder.java b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/ir/builder/IRProgramBuilder.java
index d32a544..dbde250 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/ir/builder/IRProgramBuilder.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/ir/builder/IRProgramBuilder.java
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.parser.ast.base.Node;
 import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.parser.ast.base.NodeContext;
 import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.parser.ast.base.StatementNode;
 
+import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
 
 /**
@@ -36,8 +37,8 @@ public final class IRProgramBuilder {
         for (Node node : roots) {
             switch (node) {
                 case ModuleNode moduleNode ->
-                    // 模块节点: 批量构建并添加模块内所有函数
-                        moduleNode.functions().forEach(f -> irProgram.add(buildFunction(f)));
+                    // 对每个模块，所有函数均自动注入 globals
+                        moduleNode.functions().forEach(f -> irProgram.add(buildFunctionWithGlobals(moduleNode, f)));
                 case FunctionNode functionNode ->
                     // 顶层函数节点: 直接构建并添加
                         irProgram.add(buildFunction(functionNode));
@@ -52,6 +53,30 @@ public final class IRProgramBuilder {
         return irProgram;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * 构建带有模块全局声明“注入”的函数。
+     * 为了在当前 IR 设计下能访问全局变量，将模块的 globals 作为前置声明
+     * 追加到函数体最前面，使其在函数内被注册到 IR 作用域中。
+     */
+    private IRFunction buildFunctionWithGlobals(ModuleNode moduleNode, FunctionNode functionNode) {
+        if (moduleNode.globals() == null || moduleNode.globals().isEmpty()) {
+            return buildFunction(functionNode);
+        }
+        // 重建函数体：先放 globals 的声明，再放原来的语句
+        List<StatementNode> newBody = new ArrayList<>(moduleNode.globals().size() + functionNode.body().size());
+        newBody.addAll(moduleNode.globals());
+        newBody.addAll(functionNode.body());
+
+        FunctionNode wrapped = new FunctionNode(
+                functionNode.name(),
+                functionNode.parameters(),
+                functionNode.returnType(),
+                newBody,
+                functionNode.context()
+        );
+        return buildFunction(wrapped);
+    }
+
     /**
      * 利用 FunctionBuilder 将 FunctionNode 转换为 IRFunction。
      *
@@ -79,8 +104,8 @@ public final class IRProgramBuilder {
     private FunctionNode wrapTopLevel(StatementNode stmt) {
         return new FunctionNode(
                 "_start",
-                null,
-                String.valueOf(List.of()),
+                List.of(),
+                "void",
                 List.of(stmt),
                 new NodeContext(-1, -1, "")
         );
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/lexer/token/TokenFactory.java b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/lexer/token/TokenFactory.java
index 27ef96b..c22acf0 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/lexer/token/TokenFactory.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/lexer/token/TokenFactory.java
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import java.util.Set;
  * </p>
  *
  * <p>
- * 主要功能与特性: 
+ * 主要功能与特性:
  * <ul>
  *     <li>统一管理语言关键字和类型名集合，便于扩展与维护。</li>
  *     <li>自动推断 Token 类型，无需外部干预。</li>
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ public class TokenFactory {
     /**
      * 语言的保留关键字集合。
      */
-    private static final Set<String> KEYWORDS = Set.of("module", "function", "parameter", "return_type", "body", "end", "if", "then", "else", "loop", "declare", "return", "import", "init", "cond", "step");
+    private static final Set<String> KEYWORDS = Set.of("module", "function", "parameter", "return_type", "body", "end", "if", "then", "else", "loop", "declare", "return", "import", "init", "cond", "step","globals");
 
     /**
      * 内置类型名称集合，如 int、string 等。
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/parser/ast/ModuleNode.java b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/parser/ast/ModuleNode.java
index 84262dd..2a1b371 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/parser/ast/ModuleNode.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/parser/ast/ModuleNode.java
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ import java.util.StringJoiner;
 public record ModuleNode(
         String name,
         List<ImportNode> imports,
+        List<DeclarationNode> globals,
         List<FunctionNode> functions,
         NodeContext context
 ) implements Node {
@@ -33,12 +34,17 @@ public record ModuleNode(
         for (ImportNode imp : imports) {
             importJoiner.add(imp.moduleName());
         }
+        StringJoiner globalJoiner = new StringJoiner(", ");
+        for (DeclarationNode g : globals) {
+            globalJoiner.add(g.getType() + " " + g.getName());
+        }
         StringJoiner funcJoiner = new StringJoiner(", ");
         for (FunctionNode fn : functions) {
             funcJoiner.add(fn.name());
         }
         return "Module(name=" + name
                 + ", imports=[" + importJoiner + "]"
+                + ", globals=[" + globalJoiner + "]"
                 + ", functions=[" + funcJoiner + "])";
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/parser/module/ModuleParser.java b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/parser/module/ModuleParser.java
index 5cc7335..f438719 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/parser/module/ModuleParser.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/parser/module/ModuleParser.java
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package org.jcnc.snow.compiler.parser.module;
 
 import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.lexer.token.TokenType;
+import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.parser.ast.DeclarationNode;
 import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.parser.ast.FunctionNode;
 import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.parser.ast.ImportNode;
 import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.parser.ast.ModuleNode;
@@ -10,6 +11,7 @@ import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.parser.context.ParserContext;
 import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.parser.context.TokenStream;
 import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.parser.context.UnexpectedToken;
 import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.parser.function.FunctionParser;
+import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.parser.statement.DeclarationStatementParser;
 
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
@@ -17,7 +19,7 @@ import java.util.List;
 /**
  * {@code ModuleParser} 负责解析源码中的模块结构，是顶层结构解析器实现之一。
  * <p>
- * 模块定义可包含多个导入（import）语句和函数定义（function），
+ * 模块定义可包含多个导入（import）语句、globals 全局声明和函数定义（function），
  * 导入语句可在模块中任意位置出现，且允许模块体中穿插任意数量的空行（空行会被自动忽略，不影响语法结构）。
  * </p>
  *
@@ -26,6 +28,8 @@ import java.util.List;
  * <pre>
  * module: mymod
  *   import ...
+ *   globals:
+ *     declare ...
  *   function ...
  *   ...
  * end module
@@ -40,7 +44,7 @@ public class ModuleParser implements TopLevelParser {
      * 解析过程包括:
      * <ol>
      *     <li>匹配模块声明起始 {@code module: IDENTIFIER}。</li>
-     *     <li>收集模块体内所有 import 和 function 语句，允许穿插空行。</li>
+     *     <li>收集模块体内所有 import、globals 和 function 语句，允许穿插空行。</li>
      *     <li>匹配模块结束 {@code end module}。</li>
      * </ol>
      * 若遇到未识别的语句，将抛出 {@link UnexpectedToken} 异常，定位错误位置和原因。
@@ -64,12 +68,15 @@ public class ModuleParser implements TopLevelParser {
         ts.expectType(TokenType.NEWLINE);
 
         List<ImportNode> imports = new ArrayList<>();
+        List<DeclarationNode> globals = new ArrayList<>();
         List<FunctionNode> functions = new ArrayList<>();
 
         ImportParser importParser = new ImportParser();
         FunctionParser funcParser = new FunctionParser();
+        DeclarationStatementParser globalsParser = new DeclarationStatementParser();
 
         while (true) {
+            // 跳过空行
             if (ts.peek().getType() == TokenType.NEWLINE) {
                 ts.next();
                 continue;
@@ -78,12 +85,33 @@ public class ModuleParser implements TopLevelParser {
                 break;
             }
             String lex = ts.peek().getLexeme();
-            if ("import".equals(lex)) {
-                imports.addAll(importParser.parse(ctx));
-            } else if ("function".equals(lex)) {
-                functions.add(funcParser.parse(ctx));
-            } else {
-                throw new UnexpectedToken(
+            switch (lex) {
+                case "import" -> imports.addAll(importParser.parse(ctx));
+                case "function" -> functions.add(funcParser.parse(ctx));
+                case "globals" -> {
+                    ts.expect("globals");
+                    ts.expect(":");
+                    ts.expectType(TokenType.NEWLINE);
+                    while (true) {
+                        if (ts.peek().getType() == TokenType.NEWLINE) {
+                            ts.next();
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                        String innerLex = ts.peek().getLexeme();
+                        if ("declare".equals(innerLex)) {
+                            globals.add(globalsParser.parse(ctx));
+                        } else if ("function".equals(innerLex) || "import".equals(innerLex) || "end".equals(innerLex)) {
+                            break;
+                        } else {
+                            throw new UnexpectedToken(
+                                    "globals 区块中不支持的内容: " + innerLex,
+                                    ts.peek().getLine(),
+                                    ts.peek().getCol()
+                            );
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                case null, default -> throw new UnexpectedToken(
                         "Unexpected token in module: " + lex,
                         ts.peek().getLine(),
                         ts.peek().getCol()
@@ -94,6 +122,6 @@ public class ModuleParser implements TopLevelParser {
         ts.expect("end");
         ts.expect("module");
 
-        return new ModuleNode(name, imports, functions, new NodeContext(line, column, file));
+        return new ModuleNode(name, imports, globals, functions, new NodeContext(line, column, file));
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/parser/utils/ASTJsonSerializer.java b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/parser/utils/ASTJsonSerializer.java
index 9091af8..b3094c1 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/parser/utils/ASTJsonSerializer.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/parser/utils/ASTJsonSerializer.java
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ import java.util.*;
  * 并可借助 {@code JSONParser.toJson(Object)} 方法将其序列化为 JSON 字符串，用于调试、
  * 可视化或跨语言数据传输。
  * <p>
- * 支持的节点类型包括（新增对 {@code BoolLiteralNode}、{@code UnaryExpressionNode} 的完整支持）: 
+ * 支持的节点类型包括:
  * <ul>
  *   <li>{@link ModuleNode}</li>
  *   <li>{@link FunctionNode}</li>
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ public class ASTJsonSerializer {
         return switch (n) {
             // 模块节点
             case ModuleNode(
-                    String name, List<ImportNode> imports, List<FunctionNode> functions, NodeContext _
+                    String name, List<ImportNode> imports, List<DeclarationNode> globals, List<FunctionNode> functions, NodeContext _
             ) -> {
                 Map<String, Object> map = newNodeMap("Module");
                 map.put("name", name);
@@ -92,6 +92,15 @@ public class ASTJsonSerializer {
                     imps.add(Map.of("type", "Import", "module", imp.moduleName()));
                 }
                 map.put("imports", imps);
+                List<Object> globs = new ArrayList<>(globals.size());
+                for (DeclarationNode d : globals) {
+                    Map<String, Object> decl = newNodeMap("Declaration");
+                    decl.put("name", d.getName());
+                    decl.put("varType", d.getType());
+                    decl.put("init", d.getInitializer().map(ASTJsonSerializer::exprToMap).orElse(null));
+                    globs.add(decl);
+                }
+                map.put("globals", globs);
                 List<Object> funcs = new ArrayList<>(functions.size());
                 for (FunctionNode f : functions) {
                     funcs.add(nodeToMap(f));
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/semantic/core/FunctionChecker.java b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/semantic/core/FunctionChecker.java
index 0803ee0..cb54eb6 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/semantic/core/FunctionChecker.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/semantic/core/FunctionChecker.java
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package org.jcnc.snow.compiler.semantic.core;
 
 import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.parser.ast.FunctionNode;
 import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.parser.ast.ModuleNode;
+import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.parser.ast.DeclarationNode;
 import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.parser.ast.ReturnNode;
 import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.semantic.analyzers.base.StatementAnalyzer;
 import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.semantic.error.SemanticError;
@@ -16,7 +17,7 @@ import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.semantic.type.BuiltinType;
  * 它逐个遍历所有模块中的函数定义，并对函数体中的每一条语句调用对应的语义分析器，
  * 执行类型检查、作用域验证、错误记录等任务。
  * <p>
- * 核心职责包括: 
+ * 核心职责包括:
  * <ul>
  *   <li>为每个函数构建局部符号表并注册函数参数为变量；</li>
  *   <li>分发函数体语句至相应的 {@link StatementAnalyzer}；</li>
@@ -39,7 +40,7 @@ public record FunctionChecker(Context ctx) {
     /**
      * 执行函数体检查流程。
      * <p>
-     * 对所有模块中的所有函数依次进行处理: 
+     * 对所有模块中的所有函数依次进行处理:
      * <ol>
      *   <li>查找模块对应的 {@link ModuleInfo}；</li>
      *   <li>创建函数局部符号表 {@link SymbolTable}，并注册所有参数变量；</li>
@@ -54,11 +55,18 @@ public record FunctionChecker(Context ctx) {
             // 获取当前模块对应的语义信息
             ModuleInfo mi = ctx.modules().get(mod.name());
 
+            // 先构建全局符号表
+            SymbolTable globalScope = new SymbolTable(null);
+            for (DeclarationNode g : mod.globals()) {
+                var t = ctx.parseType(g.getType());
+                globalScope.define(new Symbol(g.getName(), t, SymbolKind.VARIABLE));
+            }
+
             // 遍历模块中所有函数定义
             for (FunctionNode fn : mod.functions()) {
 
-                // 构建函数局部作用域符号表，设置父作用域为 null
-                SymbolTable locals = new SymbolTable(null);
+                // 构建函数局部作用域符号表，父作用域为 globalScope
+                SymbolTable locals = new SymbolTable(globalScope);
 
                 // 将函数参数注册为局部变量
                 fn.parameters().forEach(p ->

From 9fb2dfae519f0590850e47b6cbd041489eef3a10 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Luke <luke.k.xu@hotmail.com>
Date: Mon, 28 Jul 2025 13:39:55 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 07/42] =?UTF-8?q?chore:=20=E5=9C=A8=20Demo=20=E8=BF=90?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=E8=A1=8C=E9=85=8D=E7=BD=AE=E4=B8=AD=E6=B7=BB=E5=8A=A0=20--debu?=
 =?UTF-8?q?g=20=E5=8F=82=E6=95=B0?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

- 在所有 Demo 示例的 run.xml 文件中添加 --debug 参数
- 此修改有助于在调试时提供更多详细信息
---
 .run/Demo1.run.xml  | 2 +-
 .run/Demo10.run.xml | 2 +-
 .run/Demo11.run.xml | 2 +-
 .run/Demo12.run.xml | 2 +-
 .run/Demo13.run.xml | 2 +-
 .run/Demo14.run.xml | 2 +-
 .run/Demo2.run.xml  | 2 +-
 .run/Demo3.run.xml  | 2 +-
 .run/Demo4.run.xml  | 2 +-
 .run/Demo5.run.xml  | 2 +-
 .run/Demo6.run.xml  | 2 +-
 .run/Demo7.run.xml  | 2 +-
 .run/Demo8.run.xml  | 2 +-
 .run/Demo9.run.xml  | 2 +-
 14 files changed, 14 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.run/Demo1.run.xml b/.run/Demo1.run.xml
index 42b22c4..98e3db5 100644
--- a/.run/Demo1.run.xml
+++ b/.run/Demo1.run.xml
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
     <option name="ALTERNATIVE_JRE_PATH" value="graalvm-ce-23" />
     <option name="MAIN_CLASS_NAME" value="org.jcnc.snow.cli.SnowCLI" />
     <module name="Snow" />
-    <option name="PROGRAM_PARAMETERS" value="compile run -d playground/Demo/Demo1 -o target/Demo1" />
+    <option name="PROGRAM_PARAMETERS" value="compile run -d playground/Demo/Demo1 -o target/Demo1 --debug" />
     <method v="2">
       <option name="Make" enabled="true" />
     </method>
diff --git a/.run/Demo10.run.xml b/.run/Demo10.run.xml
index 45a3082..29e014f 100644
--- a/.run/Demo10.run.xml
+++ b/.run/Demo10.run.xml
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
     <option name="ALTERNATIVE_JRE_PATH" value="graalvm-ce-23" />
     <option name="MAIN_CLASS_NAME" value="org.jcnc.snow.cli.SnowCLI" />
     <module name="Snow" />
-    <option name="PROGRAM_PARAMETERS" value="compile run -d playground/Demo/Demo10 -o target/Demo10" />
+    <option name="PROGRAM_PARAMETERS" value="compile run -d playground/Demo/Demo10 -o target/Demo10 --debug" />
     <method v="2">
       <option name="Make" enabled="true" />
     </method>
diff --git a/.run/Demo11.run.xml b/.run/Demo11.run.xml
index a063d41..6888bed 100644
--- a/.run/Demo11.run.xml
+++ b/.run/Demo11.run.xml
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
     <option name="ALTERNATIVE_JRE_PATH" value="graalvm-ce-23" />
     <option name="MAIN_CLASS_NAME" value="org.jcnc.snow.cli.SnowCLI" />
     <module name="Snow" />
-    <option name="PROGRAM_PARAMETERS" value="compile run -d playground/Demo/Demo11 -o target/Demo11" />
+    <option name="PROGRAM_PARAMETERS" value="compile run -d playground/Demo/Demo11 -o target/Demo11 --debug" />
     <method v="2">
       <option name="Make" enabled="true" />
     </method>
diff --git a/.run/Demo12.run.xml b/.run/Demo12.run.xml
index 784a031..844a988 100644
--- a/.run/Demo12.run.xml
+++ b/.run/Demo12.run.xml
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
     <option name="ALTERNATIVE_JRE_PATH" value="graalvm-ce-23" />
     <option name="MAIN_CLASS_NAME" value="org.jcnc.snow.cli.SnowCLI" />
     <module name="Snow" />
-    <option name="PROGRAM_PARAMETERS" value="compile run -d playground/Demo/Demo12 -o target/Demo12" />
+    <option name="PROGRAM_PARAMETERS" value="compile run -d playground/Demo/Demo12 -o target/Demo12 --debug" />
     <method v="2">
       <option name="Make" enabled="true" />
     </method>
diff --git a/.run/Demo13.run.xml b/.run/Demo13.run.xml
index 2544ad6..e6dff33 100644
--- a/.run/Demo13.run.xml
+++ b/.run/Demo13.run.xml
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   <configuration default="false" name="Demo13" type="Application" factoryName="Application" folderName="Demo">
     <option name="MAIN_CLASS_NAME" value="org.jcnc.snow.cli.SnowCLI" />
     <module name="Snow" />
-    <option name="PROGRAM_PARAMETERS" value="compile run -d playground/Demo/Demo13 -o target/Demo13" />
+    <option name="PROGRAM_PARAMETERS" value="compile run -d playground/Demo/Demo13 -o target/Demo13 --debug" />
     <method v="2">
       <option name="Make" enabled="true" />
     </method>
diff --git a/.run/Demo14.run.xml b/.run/Demo14.run.xml
index 6071504..8b0f241 100644
--- a/.run/Demo14.run.xml
+++ b/.run/Demo14.run.xml
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   <configuration default="false" name="Demo14" type="Application" factoryName="Application" folderName="Demo">
     <option name="MAIN_CLASS_NAME" value="org.jcnc.snow.cli.SnowCLI" />
     <module name="Snow" />
-    <option name="PROGRAM_PARAMETERS" value="compile run -d playground/Demo/Demo14 -o target/Demo14" />
+    <option name="PROGRAM_PARAMETERS" value="compile run -d playground/Demo/Demo14 -o target/Demo14 --debug" />
     <method v="2">
       <option name="Make" enabled="true" />
     </method>
diff --git a/.run/Demo2.run.xml b/.run/Demo2.run.xml
index a4fde6d..4fb0f17 100644
--- a/.run/Demo2.run.xml
+++ b/.run/Demo2.run.xml
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
     <option name="ALTERNATIVE_JRE_PATH" value="graalvm-ce-23" />
     <option name="MAIN_CLASS_NAME" value="org.jcnc.snow.cli.SnowCLI" />
     <module name="Snow" />
-    <option name="PROGRAM_PARAMETERS" value="compile run -d playground/Demo/Demo2 -o target/Demo2" />
+    <option name="PROGRAM_PARAMETERS" value="compile run -d playground/Demo/Demo2 -o target/Demo2 --debug" />
     <method v="2">
       <option name="Make" enabled="true" />
     </method>
diff --git a/.run/Demo3.run.xml b/.run/Demo3.run.xml
index 925a855..0bf6172 100644
--- a/.run/Demo3.run.xml
+++ b/.run/Demo3.run.xml
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
     <option name="ALTERNATIVE_JRE_PATH" value="graalvm-ce-23" />
     <option name="MAIN_CLASS_NAME" value="org.jcnc.snow.cli.SnowCLI" />
     <module name="Snow" />
-    <option name="PROGRAM_PARAMETERS" value="compile run -d playground/Demo/Demo3 -o target/Demo3" />
+    <option name="PROGRAM_PARAMETERS" value="compile run -d playground/Demo/Demo3 -o target/Demo3 --debug" />
     <method v="2">
       <option name="Make" enabled="true" />
     </method>
diff --git a/.run/Demo4.run.xml b/.run/Demo4.run.xml
index d3614dc..d777224 100644
--- a/.run/Demo4.run.xml
+++ b/.run/Demo4.run.xml
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
     <option name="ALTERNATIVE_JRE_PATH" value="graalvm-ce-23" />
     <option name="MAIN_CLASS_NAME" value="org.jcnc.snow.cli.SnowCLI" />
     <module name="Snow" />
-    <option name="PROGRAM_PARAMETERS" value="compile run -d playground/Demo/Demo4 -o target/Demo4" />
+    <option name="PROGRAM_PARAMETERS" value="compile run -d playground/Demo/Demo4 -o target/Demo4 --debug" />
     <method v="2">
       <option name="Make" enabled="true" />
     </method>
diff --git a/.run/Demo5.run.xml b/.run/Demo5.run.xml
index 234995d..3fa8a56 100644
--- a/.run/Demo5.run.xml
+++ b/.run/Demo5.run.xml
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
     <option name="ALTERNATIVE_JRE_PATH" value="graalvm-ce-23" />
     <option name="MAIN_CLASS_NAME" value="org.jcnc.snow.cli.SnowCLI" />
     <module name="Snow" />
-    <option name="PROGRAM_PARAMETERS" value="compile run -d playground/Demo/Demo5 -o target/Demo5" />
+    <option name="PROGRAM_PARAMETERS" value="compile run -d playground/Demo/Demo5 -o target/Demo5 --debug" />
     <method v="2">
       <option name="Make" enabled="true" />
     </method>
diff --git a/.run/Demo6.run.xml b/.run/Demo6.run.xml
index 2f425b9..a5c3432 100644
--- a/.run/Demo6.run.xml
+++ b/.run/Demo6.run.xml
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
     <option name="ALTERNATIVE_JRE_PATH" value="graalvm-ce-23" />
     <option name="MAIN_CLASS_NAME" value="org.jcnc.snow.cli.SnowCLI" />
     <module name="Snow" />
-    <option name="PROGRAM_PARAMETERS" value="compile run -d playground/Demo/Demo6 -o target/Demo6" />
+    <option name="PROGRAM_PARAMETERS" value="compile run -d playground/Demo/Demo6 -o target/Demo6 --debug" />
     <method v="2">
       <option name="Make" enabled="true" />
     </method>
diff --git a/.run/Demo7.run.xml b/.run/Demo7.run.xml
index b8828cb..bef0dce 100644
--- a/.run/Demo7.run.xml
+++ b/.run/Demo7.run.xml
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
     <option name="ALTERNATIVE_JRE_PATH" value="graalvm-ce-23" />
     <option name="MAIN_CLASS_NAME" value="org.jcnc.snow.cli.SnowCLI" />
     <module name="Snow" />
-    <option name="PROGRAM_PARAMETERS" value="compile run -d playground/Demo/Demo7 -o target/Demo7" />
+    <option name="PROGRAM_PARAMETERS" value="compile run -d playground/Demo/Demo7 -o target/Demo7 --debug" />
     <method v="2">
       <option name="Make" enabled="true" />
     </method>
diff --git a/.run/Demo8.run.xml b/.run/Demo8.run.xml
index ea76861..c14026b 100644
--- a/.run/Demo8.run.xml
+++ b/.run/Demo8.run.xml
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
     <option name="ALTERNATIVE_JRE_PATH" value="graalvm-ce-23" />
     <option name="MAIN_CLASS_NAME" value="org.jcnc.snow.cli.SnowCLI" />
     <module name="Snow" />
-    <option name="PROGRAM_PARAMETERS" value="compile run -d playground/Demo/Demo8 -o target/Demo8" />
+    <option name="PROGRAM_PARAMETERS" value="compile run -d playground/Demo/Demo8 -o target/Demo8 --debug" />
     <method v="2">
       <option name="Make" enabled="true" />
     </method>
diff --git a/.run/Demo9.run.xml b/.run/Demo9.run.xml
index a542ab5..c8036a0 100644
--- a/.run/Demo9.run.xml
+++ b/.run/Demo9.run.xml
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
     <option name="ALTERNATIVE_JRE_PATH" value="graalvm-ce-23" />
     <option name="MAIN_CLASS_NAME" value="org.jcnc.snow.cli.SnowCLI" />
     <module name="Snow" />
-    <option name="PROGRAM_PARAMETERS" value="compile run -d playground/Demo/Demo9 -o target/Demo9" />
+    <option name="PROGRAM_PARAMETERS" value="compile run -d playground/Demo/Demo9 -o target/Demo9 --debug" />
     <method v="2">
       <option name="Make" enabled="true" />
     </method>

From 2e4b76dfe2d2ad59268ff8cc460e0f9ddfa0e1ea Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Luke <luke.k.xu@hotmail.com>
Date: Mon, 28 Jul 2025 13:42:22 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 08/42] =?UTF-8?q?chore:=20=E6=9B=B4=E6=96=B0=E6=B5=8B?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=E8=AF=95=E9=85=8D=E7=BD=AE=E6=96=87=E4=BB=B6?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

- 在测试配置文件中添加了 Demo14 和 Demo15 两个新的测试用例
---
 .run/测试.run.xml | 2 ++
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)

diff --git a/.run/测试.run.xml b/.run/测试.run.xml
index c37e7f3..53dfe5a 100644
--- a/.run/测试.run.xml
+++ b/.run/测试.run.xml
@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@
     <toRun name="Demo11" type="Application" />
     <toRun name="Demo12" type="Application" />
     <toRun name="Demo13" type="Application" />
+    <toRun name="Demo14" type="Application" />
+    <toRun name="Demo15" type="Application" />
     <toRun name="Demo2" type="Application" />
     <toRun name="Demo3" type="Application" />
     <toRun name="Demo4" type="Application" />

From e0ad9452023218ccadabf6fcc13c5dcc657d2d49 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Luke <luke.k.xu@hotmail.com>
Date: Mon, 28 Jul 2025 13:43:27 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 09/42] =?UTF-8?q?test:=20=E6=9B=B4=E6=96=B0=20Demo15=20?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=E6=96=87=E4=BB=B6?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 playground/Demo/Demo15/Main.snow | 6 +++++-
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/playground/Demo/Demo15/Main.snow b/playground/Demo/Demo15/Main.snow
index 7ef2b05..269100f 100644
--- a/playground/Demo/Demo15/Main.snow
+++ b/playground/Demo/Demo15/Main.snow
@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
 module: Main
     import: os
+    globals:
+        declare num1:int=10
     function: main
+
         return_type: void
         body:
-            print(222)
+            declare num1:int=11
+            print(num1)
         end body
     end function
 end module
\ No newline at end of file

From 52d811b6aa36650f21056e06328b101c2926fec8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Luke <luke.k.xu@hotmail.com>
Date: Mon, 28 Jul 2025 15:25:09 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 10/42] =?UTF-8?q?test:=20=E6=9B=B4=E6=96=B0=20Demo15=20?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=E6=96=87=E4=BB=B6?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 playground/Demo/Demo15/Main.snow | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/playground/Demo/Demo15/Main.snow b/playground/Demo/Demo15/Main.snow
index 269100f..df8dc63 100644
--- a/playground/Demo/Demo15/Main.snow
+++ b/playground/Demo/Demo15/Main.snow
@@ -2,12 +2,12 @@ module: Main
     import: os
     globals:
         declare num1:int=10
+        declare num2:int=10
     function: main
-
         return_type: void
         body:
             declare num1:int=11
-            print(num1)
+            print(num1+num2)
         end body
     end function
 end module
\ No newline at end of file

From 9132c79c5486f8d1b12603f52f88d3d82873fecb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Luke <luke.k.xu@hotmail.com>
Date: Mon, 28 Jul 2025 17:11:25 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 11/42] =?UTF-8?q?feat:=20=E6=B7=BB=E5=8A=A0=E6=95=B4?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=E6=95=B0=E5=92=8C=E6=B5=AE=E7=82=B9=E6=95=B0=E7=9A=84=E5=8F=96?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=E4=BD=99=E8=BF=90=E7=AE=97=E6=8C=87=E4=BB=A4?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

- 在 IROpCode枚举中添加了 MOD_B8、MOD_S16、MOD_I32、MOD_L64、MOD_F32 和 MOD_D64 指令
- 更新了 IROpCodeMapper 映射，增加了取余运算的后端指令
- 修改了 IROpCodeMappings 类，添加了取余运算符与 IR 操作码的映射
---
 .../backend/utils/IROpCodeMapper.java         |   6 ++
 .../jcnc/snow/compiler/ir/core/IROpCode.java  |  16 ++-
 .../compiler/ir/core/IROpCodeMappings.java    | 102 +++++++++++-------
 3 files changed, 81 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/backend/utils/IROpCodeMapper.java b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/backend/utils/IROpCodeMapper.java
index bb81d07..431484c 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/backend/utils/IROpCodeMapper.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/backend/utils/IROpCodeMapper.java
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ public final class IROpCodeMapper {
         opcodeMap.put(IROpCode.MUL_B8, "B_MUL");
         opcodeMap.put(IROpCode.DIV_B8, "B_DIV");
         opcodeMap.put(IROpCode.NEG_B8, "B_NEG");
+        opcodeMap.put(IROpCode.MOD_B8, "B_MOD");
 
         // 整形16位算术运算映射
         opcodeMap.put(IROpCode.ADD_S16, "S_ADD");
@@ -51,6 +52,7 @@ public final class IROpCodeMapper {
         opcodeMap.put(IROpCode.MUL_S16, "S_MUL");
         opcodeMap.put(IROpCode.DIV_S16, "S_DIV");
         opcodeMap.put(IROpCode.NEG_S16, "S_NEG");
+        opcodeMap.put(IROpCode.MOD_S16, "S_MOD");
 
         // 整形32位算术运算映射
         opcodeMap.put(IROpCode.ADD_I32, "I_ADD");
@@ -58,6 +60,7 @@ public final class IROpCodeMapper {
         opcodeMap.put(IROpCode.MUL_I32, "I_MUL");
         opcodeMap.put(IROpCode.DIV_I32, "I_DIV");
         opcodeMap.put(IROpCode.NEG_I32, "I_NEG");
+        opcodeMap.put(IROpCode.MOD_I32, "I_MOD");
 
         // 整形64位算术运算映射
         opcodeMap.put(IROpCode.ADD_L64, "L_ADD");
@@ -65,6 +68,7 @@ public final class IROpCodeMapper {
         opcodeMap.put(IROpCode.MUL_L64, "L_MUL");
         opcodeMap.put(IROpCode.DIV_L64, "L_DIV");
         opcodeMap.put(IROpCode.NEG_L64, "L_NEG");
+        opcodeMap.put(IROpCode.MOD_L64, "L_MOD");
 
         // --- 32-bit floating point ---
 
@@ -73,6 +77,7 @@ public final class IROpCodeMapper {
         opcodeMap.put(IROpCode.MUL_F32, "F_MUL");
         opcodeMap.put(IROpCode.DIV_F32, "F_DIV");
         opcodeMap.put(IROpCode.NEG_F32, "F_NEG");
+        opcodeMap.put(IROpCode.MOD_F32, "F_MOD");
 
         // --- 64-bit floating point ---
         opcodeMap.put(IROpCode.ADD_D64, "D_ADD");
@@ -80,6 +85,7 @@ public final class IROpCodeMapper {
         opcodeMap.put(IROpCode.MUL_D64, "D_MUL");
         opcodeMap.put(IROpCode.DIV_D64, "D_DIV");
         opcodeMap.put(IROpCode.NEG_D64, "D_NEG");
+        opcodeMap.put(IROpCode.MOD_D64, "D_MOD");
 
         // 比较运算映射
         // 8位整数比较运算映射
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/ir/core/IROpCode.java b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/ir/core/IROpCode.java
index 41342da..6dd7cfc 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/ir/core/IROpCode.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/ir/core/IROpCode.java
@@ -25,11 +25,12 @@ public enum IROpCode {
 
 
     /* ───── 算术运算（8位整数: byte）───── */
-    ADD_B8,    // 8位整型加法: a = b + c
-    SUB_B8,    // 8位整型减法: a = b - c
-    MUL_B8,    // 8位整型乘法: a = b * c
-    DIV_B8,    // 8位整型除法: a = b / c
-    NEG_B8,    // 8位整型取负: a = -b
+    ADD_B8,    // 8位整型加法:
+    SUB_B8,    // 8位整型减法:
+    MUL_B8,    // 8位整型乘法:
+    DIV_B8,    // 8位整型除法:
+    NEG_B8,    // 8位整型取负:
+    MOD_B8,    // 8位整型取余
 
     /* ───── 算术运算（16位整数: short）───── */
     ADD_S16,   // 16位整型加法
@@ -37,6 +38,7 @@ public enum IROpCode {
     MUL_S16,   // 16位整型乘法
     DIV_S16,   // 16位整型除法
     NEG_S16,   // 16位整型取负
+    MOD_S16,   // 16位整型取余
 
     /* ───── 算术运算（32位整数: int）───── */
     ADD_I32,   // 32位整型加法
@@ -44,6 +46,7 @@ public enum IROpCode {
     MUL_I32,   // 32位整型乘法
     DIV_I32,   // 32位整型除法
     NEG_I32,   // 32位整型取负
+    MOD_I32,   // 32位整型取余
 
     /* ───── 算术运算（64位整数: long）───── */
     ADD_L64,   // 64位整型加法
@@ -51,6 +54,7 @@ public enum IROpCode {
     MUL_L64,   // 64位整型乘法
     DIV_L64,   // 64位整型除法
     NEG_L64,   // 64位整型取负
+    MOD_L64,   // 64位整型取余
 
     /* ───── 算术运算（32位浮点数: float）───── */
     ADD_F32,   // 32位浮点加法
@@ -58,6 +62,7 @@ public enum IROpCode {
     MUL_F32,   // 32位浮点乘法
     DIV_F32,   // 32位浮点除法
     NEG_F32,   // 32位浮点取负
+    MOD_F32,   // 32位浮点取余
 
     /* ───── 算术运算（64位浮点数: double）───── */
     ADD_D64,   // 64位浮点加法
@@ -65,6 +70,7 @@ public enum IROpCode {
     MUL_D64,   // 64位浮点乘法
     DIV_D64,   // 64位浮点除法
     NEG_D64,   // 64位浮点取负
+    MOD_D64,   // 64位浮点取余
 
     /* ───── 逻辑与比较运算指令（8位整数: byte） ───── */
     CMP_BEQ,    // 8位整数相等比较: a == b
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/ir/core/IROpCodeMappings.java b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/ir/core/IROpCodeMappings.java
index 92677a6..1b1695e 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/ir/core/IROpCodeMappings.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/ir/core/IROpCodeMappings.java
@@ -6,97 +6,123 @@ import java.util.Map;
  * 操作符与IR操作码映射表，统一管理所有类型的算术和比较操作映射。
  */
 public final class IROpCodeMappings {
-    private IROpCodeMappings() {} // 禁止实例化
-
     // 8位整型运算符映射
     public static final Map<String, IROpCode> OP_B8 = Map.of(
-            "+", IROpCode.ADD_B8, "-", IROpCode.SUB_B8,
-            "*", IROpCode.MUL_B8, "/", IROpCode.DIV_B8
+            "+", IROpCode.ADD_B8,
+            "-", IROpCode.SUB_B8,
+            "*", IROpCode.MUL_B8,
+            "/", IROpCode.DIV_B8,
+            "%", IROpCode.MOD_B8
     );
     // 16位整型
     public static final Map<String, IROpCode> OP_S16 = Map.of(
-            "+", IROpCode.ADD_S16, "-", IROpCode.SUB_S16,
-            "*", IROpCode.MUL_S16, "/", IROpCode.DIV_S16
+            "+", IROpCode.ADD_S16,
+            "-", IROpCode.SUB_S16,
+            "*", IROpCode.MUL_S16,
+            "/", IROpCode.DIV_S16,
+            "%", IROpCode.MOD_S16
     );
     // 32位整型
     public static final Map<String, IROpCode> OP_I32 = Map.of(
-            "+", IROpCode.ADD_I32, "-", IROpCode.SUB_I32,
-            "*", IROpCode.MUL_I32, "/", IROpCode.DIV_I32
+            "+", IROpCode.ADD_I32,
+            "-", IROpCode.SUB_I32,
+            "*", IROpCode.MUL_I32,
+            "/", IROpCode.DIV_I32,
+            "%", IROpCode.MOD_I32
     );
     // 64位长整型
     public static final Map<String, IROpCode> OP_L64 = Map.of(
-            "+", IROpCode.ADD_L64, "-", IROpCode.SUB_L64,
-            "*", IROpCode.MUL_L64, "/", IROpCode.DIV_L64
+            "+", IROpCode.ADD_L64,
+            "-", IROpCode.SUB_L64,
+            "*", IROpCode.MUL_L64,
+            "/", IROpCode.DIV_L64,
+            "%", IROpCode.MOD_L64
     );
     // 32位浮点型
     public static final Map<String, IROpCode> OP_F32 = Map.of(
-            "+", IROpCode.ADD_F32, "-", IROpCode.SUB_F32,
-            "*", IROpCode.MUL_F32, "/", IROpCode.DIV_F32
+            "+", IROpCode.ADD_F32,
+            "-", IROpCode.SUB_F32,
+            "*", IROpCode.MUL_F32,
+            "/", IROpCode.DIV_F32,
+            "%", IROpCode.MOD_F32
     );
     // 64位双精度浮点型
     public static final Map<String, IROpCode> OP_D64 = Map.of(
-            "+", IROpCode.ADD_D64, "-", IROpCode.SUB_D64,
-            "*", IROpCode.MUL_D64, "/", IROpCode.DIV_D64
+            "+", IROpCode.ADD_D64,
+            "-", IROpCode.SUB_D64,
+            "*", IROpCode.MUL_D64,
+            "/", IROpCode.DIV_D64,
+            "%", IROpCode.MOD_D64
     );
-
-    /* ────── 比较运算符映射 ────── */
-    /** 8-bit（byte）比较 */
+    /**
+     * 8-bit（byte）比较
+     */
     public static final Map<String, IROpCode> CMP_B8 = Map.of(
             "==", IROpCode.CMP_BEQ,
             "!=", IROpCode.CMP_BNE,
-            "<",  IROpCode.CMP_BLT,
-            ">",  IROpCode.CMP_BGT,
+            "<", IROpCode.CMP_BLT,
+            ">", IROpCode.CMP_BGT,
             "<=", IROpCode.CMP_BLE,
             ">=", IROpCode.CMP_BGE
     );
 
-    /** 16-bit（short）比较 */
+    /* ────── 比较运算符映射 ────── */
+    /**
+     * 16-bit（short）比较
+     */
     public static final Map<String, IROpCode> CMP_S16 = Map.of(
             "==", IROpCode.CMP_SEQ,
             "!=", IROpCode.CMP_SNE,
-            "<",  IROpCode.CMP_SLT,
-            ">",  IROpCode.CMP_SGT,
+            "<", IROpCode.CMP_SLT,
+            ">", IROpCode.CMP_SGT,
             "<=", IROpCode.CMP_SLE,
             ">=", IROpCode.CMP_SGE
     );
-
-    /** 32-bit（int）比较 */
+    /**
+     * 32-bit（int）比较
+     */
     public static final Map<String, IROpCode> CMP_I32 = Map.of(
             "==", IROpCode.CMP_IEQ,
             "!=", IROpCode.CMP_INE,
-            "<",  IROpCode.CMP_ILT,
-            ">",  IROpCode.CMP_IGT,
+            "<", IROpCode.CMP_ILT,
+            ">", IROpCode.CMP_IGT,
             "<=", IROpCode.CMP_ILE,
             ">=", IROpCode.CMP_IGE
     );
-
-    /** 64-bit（long）比较 */
+    /**
+     * 64-bit（long）比较
+     */
     public static final Map<String, IROpCode> CMP_L64 = Map.of(
             "==", IROpCode.CMP_LEQ,
             "!=", IROpCode.CMP_LNE,
-            "<",  IROpCode.CMP_LLT,
-            ">",  IROpCode.CMP_LGT,
+            "<", IROpCode.CMP_LLT,
+            ">", IROpCode.CMP_LGT,
             "<=", IROpCode.CMP_LLE,
             ">=", IROpCode.CMP_LGE
     );
-
-    /** 32-bit（float）比较 */
+    /**
+     * 32-bit（float）比较
+     */
     public static final Map<String, IROpCode> CMP_F32 = Map.of(
             "==", IROpCode.CMP_FEQ,
             "!=", IROpCode.CMP_FNE,
-            "<",  IROpCode.CMP_FLT,
-            ">",  IROpCode.CMP_FGT,
+            "<", IROpCode.CMP_FLT,
+            ">", IROpCode.CMP_FGT,
             "<=", IROpCode.CMP_FLE,
             ">=", IROpCode.CMP_FGE
     );
-
-    /** 64-bit（double）比较 */
+    /**
+     * 64-bit（double）比较
+     */
     public static final Map<String, IROpCode> CMP_D64 = Map.of(
             "==", IROpCode.CMP_DEQ,
             "!=", IROpCode.CMP_DNE,
-            "<",  IROpCode.CMP_DLT,
-            ">",  IROpCode.CMP_DGT,
+            "<", IROpCode.CMP_DLT,
+            ">", IROpCode.CMP_DGT,
             "<=", IROpCode.CMP_DLE,
             ">=", IROpCode.CMP_DGE
     );
+
+    private IROpCodeMappings() {
+    } // 禁止实例化
 }

From 83b2122bd7da0c8526666d74726b73ebca410200 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Luke <luke.k.xu@hotmail.com>
Date: Mon, 28 Jul 2025 17:35:38 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 12/42] =?UTF-8?q?test:=20=E6=B7=BB=E5=8A=A0=20Demo16?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 playground/Demo/Demo16/Main.snow | 22 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 playground/Demo/Demo16/OS.snow   | 11 +++++++++++
 2 files changed, 33 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 playground/Demo/Demo16/Main.snow
 create mode 100644 playground/Demo/Demo16/OS.snow

diff --git a/playground/Demo/Demo16/Main.snow b/playground/Demo/Demo16/Main.snow
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0211f2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/playground/Demo/Demo16/Main.snow
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+module: Main
+    import: os
+    function: main
+        return_type: int
+        body:
+            loop:
+                init:
+                    declare i:int = 1
+                cond:
+                    i <= 10
+                step:
+                    i = i + 1
+                body:
+                    if i % 2 == 0 then
+                        print(i)
+                    end if
+                end body
+            end loop
+            return 0
+        end body
+    end function
+end module
diff --git a/playground/Demo/Demo16/OS.snow b/playground/Demo/Demo16/OS.snow
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6026d43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/playground/Demo/Demo16/OS.snow
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+module: os
+    import: os
+    function: print
+        parameter:
+            declare i1: int
+        return_type: void
+        body:
+            syscall("PRINT",i1)
+        end body
+    end function
+end module
\ No newline at end of file

From 0cb2132e80d1f36146940a13d1ad5f37fe7b8d32 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Luke <luke.k.xu@hotmail.com>
Date: Mon, 28 Jul 2025 17:35:49 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 13/42] =?UTF-8?q?chore:=20=E6=B7=BB=E5=8A=A0=20Demo16?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=E8=BF=90=E8=A1=8C=E9=85=8D=E7=BD=AE?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 .run/Demo16.run.xml | 10 ++++++++++
 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 .run/Demo16.run.xml

diff --git a/.run/Demo16.run.xml b/.run/Demo16.run.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..049eba5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.run/Demo16.run.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+<component name="ProjectRunConfigurationManager">
+  <configuration default="false" name="Demo16" type="Application" factoryName="Application" folderName="Demo">
+    <option name="MAIN_CLASS_NAME" value="org.jcnc.snow.cli.SnowCLI" />
+    <module name="Snow" />
+    <option name="PROGRAM_PARAMETERS" value="compile run -d playground/Demo/Demo16 -o target/Demo16" />
+    <method v="2">
+      <option name="Make" enabled="true" />
+    </method>
+  </configuration>
+</component>
\ No newline at end of file

From 856d113b53a1788da5ce1b320b6cecb146d95ac8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Luke <luke.k.xu@hotmail.com>
Date: Mon, 28 Jul 2025 18:00:41 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 14/42] =?UTF-8?q?feat:=20=E6=B7=BB=E5=8A=A0=20break=20?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=E8=AF=AD=E5=8F=A5=E6=94=AF=E6=8C=81?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

- 新增 BreakNode、BreakAnalyzer 和 BreakStatementParser 类
- 在 AnalyzerRegistrar 中注册 break 语句分析器
- 在 ASTPrinter 中添加 break 语句的打印处理
- 在 StatementBuilder 中实现 break 语句的 IR 构建逻辑
- 更新 StatementParserFactory 和 TokenFactory，支持 break 关键字
---
 .../compiler/ir/builder/StatementBuilder.java | 24 ++++++++++++++--
 .../compiler/lexer/token/TokenFactory.java    |  2 +-
 .../snow/compiler/parser/ast/BreakNode.java   | 16 +++++++++++
 .../factory/StatementParserFactory.java       |  1 +
 .../compiler/parser/function/ASTPrinter.java  |  1 +
 .../statement/BreakStatementParser.java       | 28 +++++++++++++++++++
 .../analyzers/statement/BreakAnalyzer.java    | 28 +++++++++++++++++++
 .../semantic/core/AnalyzerRegistrar.java      |  5 ++--
 8 files changed, 100 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/parser/ast/BreakNode.java
 create mode 100644 src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/parser/statement/BreakStatementParser.java
 create mode 100644 src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/semantic/analyzers/statement/BreakAnalyzer.java

diff --git a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/ir/builder/StatementBuilder.java b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/ir/builder/StatementBuilder.java
index 47bd7ca..0c540fa 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/ir/builder/StatementBuilder.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/ir/builder/StatementBuilder.java
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.parser.ast.base.ExpressionNode;
 import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.parser.ast.base.NodeContext;
 import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.parser.ast.base.StatementNode;
 
+import java.util.ArrayDeque;
 import java.util.Locale;
 
 /**
@@ -27,6 +28,10 @@ public class StatementBuilder {
      * 表达式 IR 构建器，用于将表达式节点转为 IR 指令。
      */
     private final ExpressionBuilder expr;
+    /**
+     * break 目标标签栈（保存每层循环的结束标签）
+     */
+    private final ArrayDeque<String> breakTargets = new ArrayDeque<>();
 
     /**
      * 构造方法。
@@ -120,6 +125,14 @@ public class StatementBuilder {
             }
             return;
         }
+        if (stmt instanceof BreakNode) {
+            // break 语句：跳转到当前最近一层循环的结束标签
+            if (breakTargets.isEmpty()) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException("`break` appears outside of a loop");
+            }
+            InstructionFactory.jmp(ctx, breakTargets.peek());
+            return;
+        }
         // 不支持的语句类型
         throw new IllegalStateException("Unsupported statement: " + stmt.getClass().getSimpleName() + ": " + stmt);
     }
@@ -163,8 +176,15 @@ public class StatementBuilder {
 
         // 条件不满足则跳出循环
         emitConditionalJump(loop.cond(), lblEnd);
-        // 构建循环体
-        buildStatements(loop.body());
+        // 在进入循环体前，记录本层循环的结束标签，供 break 使用
+        breakTargets.push(lblEnd);
+        try {
+            // 构建循环体
+            buildStatements(loop.body());
+        } finally {
+            // 离开循环体时弹出标签，避免影响外层
+            breakTargets.pop();
+        }
         // 更新部分（如 for 的 i++）
         if (loop.step() != null) build(loop.step());
 
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/lexer/token/TokenFactory.java b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/lexer/token/TokenFactory.java
index c22acf0..a251532 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/lexer/token/TokenFactory.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/lexer/token/TokenFactory.java
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ public class TokenFactory {
     /**
      * 语言的保留关键字集合。
      */
-    private static final Set<String> KEYWORDS = Set.of("module", "function", "parameter", "return_type", "body", "end", "if", "then", "else", "loop", "declare", "return", "import", "init", "cond", "step","globals");
+    private static final Set<String> KEYWORDS = Set.of("module", "function", "parameter", "return_type", "body", "end", "if", "then", "else", "loop", "declare", "return", "import", "init", "cond", "step","globals","break");
 
     /**
      * 内置类型名称集合，如 int、string 等。
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/parser/ast/BreakNode.java b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/parser/ast/BreakNode.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f131c72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/parser/ast/BreakNode.java
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+package org.jcnc.snow.compiler.parser.ast;
+
+import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.parser.ast.base.NodeContext;
+import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.parser.ast.base.StatementNode;
+
+/**
+ * {@code BreakNode} 表示循环体中的 break 语句。
+ * 出现时应立即终止当前（最内层）循环。
+ */
+public record BreakNode(NodeContext context) implements StatementNode {
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return "break@" + context;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/parser/factory/StatementParserFactory.java b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/parser/factory/StatementParserFactory.java
index 06be40a..1272ffa 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/parser/factory/StatementParserFactory.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/parser/factory/StatementParserFactory.java
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ public class StatementParserFactory {
         registry.put("if",      new IfStatementParser());
         registry.put("loop",    new LoopStatementParser());
         registry.put("return",  new ReturnStatementParser());
+        registry.put("break",   new BreakStatementParser());
 
         // 默认处理器: 表达式语句
         registry.put("",        new ExpressionStatementParser());
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/parser/function/ASTPrinter.java b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/parser/function/ASTPrinter.java
index 91ed077..b440a4a 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/parser/function/ASTPrinter.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/parser/function/ASTPrinter.java
@@ -116,6 +116,7 @@ public class ASTPrinter {
             }
             case ReturnNode r -> System.out.println(pad + "return" +
                     r.getExpression().map(e -> " " + e).orElse(""));
+            case BreakNode _ -> System.out.println(pad + "break");
             case ExpressionStatementNode(ExpressionNode expression, NodeContext _) ->
                     System.out.println(pad + expression);
             case null, default -> System.out.println(pad + n);  // 回退处理
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/parser/statement/BreakStatementParser.java b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/parser/statement/BreakStatementParser.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6e38335
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/parser/statement/BreakStatementParser.java
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+package org.jcnc.snow.compiler.parser.statement;
+
+import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.lexer.token.TokenType;
+import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.parser.ast.BreakNode;
+import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.parser.ast.base.NodeContext;
+import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.parser.context.ParserContext;
+
+/**
+ * 解析 break 语句：仅包含关键字本身，并以换行结束。
+ * 语义：立即终止当前（最内层）循环。
+ */
+public class BreakStatementParser implements StatementParser {
+
+    @Override
+    public BreakNode parse(ParserContext ctx) {
+        // 记录当前位置作为 NodeContext
+        int line = ctx.getTokens().peek().getLine();
+        int column = ctx.getTokens().peek().getCol();
+        String file = ctx.getSourceName();
+
+        // 消耗 'break'
+        ctx.getTokens().expect("break");
+        // 行结束
+        ctx.getTokens().expectType(TokenType.NEWLINE);
+
+        return new BreakNode(new NodeContext(line, column, file));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/semantic/analyzers/statement/BreakAnalyzer.java b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/semantic/analyzers/statement/BreakAnalyzer.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2aeba8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/semantic/analyzers/statement/BreakAnalyzer.java
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+package org.jcnc.snow.compiler.semantic.analyzers.statement;
+
+import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.parser.ast.BreakNode;
+import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.parser.ast.FunctionNode;
+import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.semantic.analyzers.base.StatementAnalyzer;
+import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.semantic.core.Context;
+import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.semantic.core.ModuleInfo;
+import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.semantic.symbol.SymbolTable;
+
+/**
+ * {@code BreakAnalyzer} —— break 语句的语义分析器。
+ * <p>
+ * 目前不做额外检查；是否位于循环体内的限制由 IR 构建阶段（StatementBuilder）
+ * 进行安全校验（若出现在循环外，会抛出清晰的错误）。
+ * 如需在语义阶段提前报错，可在此处结合“循环上下文”进行校验。
+ */
+public class BreakAnalyzer implements StatementAnalyzer<BreakNode> {
+
+    @Override
+    public void analyze(Context ctx,
+                        ModuleInfo mi,
+                        FunctionNode fn,
+                        SymbolTable locals,
+                        BreakNode stmt) {
+        // no-op: break 本身不引入新符号或类型约束
+        // 在语义阶段校验“是否处于循环内”，需要在 ctx 或 SymbolTable 上增加上下文标记后在此检查。
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/semantic/core/AnalyzerRegistrar.java b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/semantic/core/AnalyzerRegistrar.java
index 47af0c2..18d4c0c 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/semantic/core/AnalyzerRegistrar.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/semantic/core/AnalyzerRegistrar.java
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.semantic.analyzers.statement.*;
  * 本类为静态工具类，不可实例化，其唯一公开方法 {@link #registerAll(AnalyzerRegistry)}
  * 应在语义分析初始化阶段调用一次，确保所有节点类型都能正确分发到对应分析器。
  * <p>
- * 注册内容包括: 
+ * 注册内容包括:
  * <ul>
  *   <li>所有标准语句节点（如变量声明、赋值、条件、循环、返回等）的分析器；</li>
  *   <li>所有标准表达式节点（如字面量、标识符、函数调用、二元表达式等）的分析器；</li>
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ public final class AnalyzerRegistrar {
         registry.registerStatementAnalyzer(LoopNode.class, new LoopAnalyzer());
         registry.registerStatementAnalyzer(ReturnNode.class, new ReturnAnalyzer());
         registry.registerExpressionAnalyzer(BoolLiteralNode.class, new BoolLiteralAnalyzer());
+        registry.registerStatementAnalyzer(BreakNode.class, new BreakAnalyzer());
 
         // 特殊处理: 表达式语句（如 "foo();"）作为语句包装表达式
         registry.registerStatementAnalyzer(ExpressionStatementNode.class,
@@ -56,7 +57,7 @@ public final class AnalyzerRegistrar {
         registry.registerExpressionAnalyzer(BinaryExpressionNode.class, new BinaryExpressionAnalyzer());
 
         // ---------- 注册一元表达式分析器 ----------
-        registry.registerExpressionAnalyzer(UnaryExpressionNode.class,new UnaryExpressionAnalyzer());
+        registry.registerExpressionAnalyzer(UnaryExpressionNode.class, new UnaryExpressionAnalyzer());
 
         // 对尚未实现的表达式类型使用兜底处理器
         registry.registerExpressionAnalyzer(MemberExpressionNode.class,

From 63e8b0163ad11f267c289e367d78702e10f474a8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Luke <luke.k.xu@hotmail.com>
Date: Mon, 28 Jul 2025 18:01:06 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 15/42] =?UTF-8?q?test:=20=E6=B7=BB=E5=8A=A0=20Demo17?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 playground/Demo/Demo17/Main.snow | 23 +++++++++++++++++++++++
 playground/Demo/Demo17/OS.snow   | 11 +++++++++++
 2 files changed, 34 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 playground/Demo/Demo17/Main.snow
 create mode 100644 playground/Demo/Demo17/OS.snow

diff --git a/playground/Demo/Demo17/Main.snow b/playground/Demo/Demo17/Main.snow
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6171781
--- /dev/null
+++ b/playground/Demo/Demo17/Main.snow
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+module: Main
+    import: os
+    function: main
+        return_type: int
+        body:
+            loop:
+                init:
+                    declare i:int = 1
+                cond:
+                    i <= 10
+                step:
+                    i = i + 1
+                body:
+                    if i % 2 == 0 then
+                        print(i)
+                        break
+                    end if
+                end body
+            end loop
+            return 0
+        end body
+    end function
+end module
diff --git a/playground/Demo/Demo17/OS.snow b/playground/Demo/Demo17/OS.snow
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6026d43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/playground/Demo/Demo17/OS.snow
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+module: os
+    import: os
+    function: print
+        parameter:
+            declare i1: int
+        return_type: void
+        body:
+            syscall("PRINT",i1)
+        end body
+    end function
+end module
\ No newline at end of file

From 5b8d7b98f37e9fc23325740824dc0d0f9f29e515 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Luke <luke.k.xu@hotmail.com>
Date: Mon, 28 Jul 2025 18:01:41 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 16/42] =?UTF-8?q?chore:=20=E6=9B=B4=E6=96=B0=20Demo16=20?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=E5=92=8C=20Demo17=20=E7=9A=84=E8=BF=90=E8=A1=8C=E9=85=8D?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=E7=BD=AE?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 .run/Demo16.run.xml |  2 +-
 .run/Demo17.run.xml | 10 ++++++++++
 2 files changed, 11 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
 create mode 100644 .run/Demo17.run.xml

diff --git a/.run/Demo16.run.xml b/.run/Demo16.run.xml
index 049eba5..f217625 100644
--- a/.run/Demo16.run.xml
+++ b/.run/Demo16.run.xml
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   <configuration default="false" name="Demo16" type="Application" factoryName="Application" folderName="Demo">
     <option name="MAIN_CLASS_NAME" value="org.jcnc.snow.cli.SnowCLI" />
     <module name="Snow" />
-    <option name="PROGRAM_PARAMETERS" value="compile run -d playground/Demo/Demo16 -o target/Demo16" />
+    <option name="PROGRAM_PARAMETERS" value="compile run -d playground/Demo/Demo16 -o target/Demo16 --debug" />
     <method v="2">
       <option name="Make" enabled="true" />
     </method>
diff --git a/.run/Demo17.run.xml b/.run/Demo17.run.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c608651
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.run/Demo17.run.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+<component name="ProjectRunConfigurationManager">
+  <configuration default="false" name="Demo17" type="Application" factoryName="Application" folderName="Demo">
+    <option name="MAIN_CLASS_NAME" value="org.jcnc.snow.cli.SnowCLI" />
+    <module name="Snow" />
+    <option name="PROGRAM_PARAMETERS" value="compile run -d playground/Demo/Demo17 -o target/Demo17 --debug" />
+    <method v="2">
+      <option name="Make" enabled="true" />
+    </method>
+  </configuration>
+</component>
\ No newline at end of file

From 21e4668b1678933bd32adb26b4d8b6922380ec9f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Luke <luke.k.xu@hotmail.com>
Date: Mon, 28 Jul 2025 18:02:36 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 17/42] =?UTF-8?q?chore:=20=E6=9B=B4=E6=96=B0=E6=B5=8B?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=E8=AF=95=E9=85=8D=E7=BD=AE=E6=96=87=E4=BB=B6?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 .run/测试.run.xml | 2 ++
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)

diff --git a/.run/测试.run.xml b/.run/测试.run.xml
index 53dfe5a..097c514 100644
--- a/.run/测试.run.xml
+++ b/.run/测试.run.xml
@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@
     <toRun name="Demo13" type="Application" />
     <toRun name="Demo14" type="Application" />
     <toRun name="Demo15" type="Application" />
+    <toRun name="Demo16" type="Application" />
+    <toRun name="Demo17" type="Application" />
     <toRun name="Demo2" type="Application" />
     <toRun name="Demo3" type="Application" />
     <toRun name="Demo4" type="Application" />

From 7395256b5a48547462e220c41f8f9dff5cfadd32 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Luke <luke.k.xu@hotmail.com>
Date: Tue, 29 Jul 2025 11:20:46 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 18/42] =?UTF-8?q?feat:=20=E6=B7=BB=E5=8A=A0=20continue=20?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=E8=AF=AD=E5=8F=A5=E6=94=AF=E6=8C=81?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

- 新增 ContinueNode、ContinueAnalyzer 和 ContinueStatementParser 类
- 在 AnalyzerRegistrar 中注册 continue 语句分析器
- 在 StatementBuilder 中添加 continue 语句的处理逻辑
- 更新 StatementParserFactory 和 TokenFactory 以支持 continue 关键字
---
 .../compiler/ir/builder/StatementBuilder.java | 21 +++++++++-
 .../compiler/lexer/token/TokenFactory.java    |  5 ++-
 .../compiler/parser/ast/ContinueNode.java     | 19 +++++++++
 .../factory/StatementParserFactory.java       |  1 +
 .../statement/ContinueStatementParser.java    | 40 ++++++++++++++++++
 .../analyzers/statement/ContinueAnalyzer.java | 42 +++++++++++++++++++
 .../semantic/core/AnalyzerRegistrar.java      |  1 +
 7 files changed, 126 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/parser/ast/ContinueNode.java
 create mode 100644 src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/parser/statement/ContinueStatementParser.java
 create mode 100644 src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/semantic/analyzers/statement/ContinueAnalyzer.java

diff --git a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/ir/builder/StatementBuilder.java b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/ir/builder/StatementBuilder.java
index 0c540fa..98ab6ce 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/ir/builder/StatementBuilder.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/ir/builder/StatementBuilder.java
@@ -32,6 +32,10 @@ public class StatementBuilder {
      * break 目标标签栈（保存每层循环的结束标签）
      */
     private final ArrayDeque<String> breakTargets = new ArrayDeque<>();
+    /**
+     * continue 目标标签栈（保存每层循环的 step 起始标签）
+     */
+    private final ArrayDeque<String> continueTargets = new ArrayDeque<>();
 
     /**
      * 构造方法。
@@ -133,6 +137,14 @@ public class StatementBuilder {
             InstructionFactory.jmp(ctx, breakTargets.peek());
             return;
         }
+        if (stmt instanceof ContinueNode) {
+            // continue 语句：跳转到当前最近一层循环的 step 起始标签
+            if (continueTargets.isEmpty()) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException("`continue` appears outside of a loop");
+            }
+            InstructionFactory.jmp(ctx, continueTargets.peek());
+            return;
+        }
         // 不支持的语句类型
         throw new IllegalStateException("Unsupported statement: " + stmt.getClass().getSimpleName() + ": " + stmt);
     }
@@ -178,17 +190,22 @@ public class StatementBuilder {
         emitConditionalJump(loop.cond(), lblEnd);
         // 在进入循环体前，记录本层循环的结束标签，供 break 使用
         breakTargets.push(lblEnd);
+        // 记录本层循环的 step 起始标签，供 continue 使用
+        String lblStep = ctx.newLabel();
+        continueTargets.push(lblStep);
         try {
             // 构建循环体
             buildStatements(loop.body());
         } finally {
             // 离开循环体时弹出标签，避免影响外层
             breakTargets.pop();
+            continueTargets.pop();
         }
-        // 更新部分（如 for 的 i++）
+        // step 起始标签(所有 continue 会跳到这里)
+        InstructionFactory.label(ctx, lblStep);
         if (loop.step() != null) build(loop.step());
 
-        // 跳回循环起点
+        // 回到 cond 检查
         InstructionFactory.jmp(ctx, lblStart);
         // 循环结束标签
         InstructionFactory.label(ctx, lblEnd);
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/lexer/token/TokenFactory.java b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/lexer/token/TokenFactory.java
index a251532..28e4697 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/lexer/token/TokenFactory.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/lexer/token/TokenFactory.java
@@ -25,7 +25,10 @@ public class TokenFactory {
     /**
      * 语言的保留关键字集合。
      */
-    private static final Set<String> KEYWORDS = Set.of("module", "function", "parameter", "return_type", "body", "end", "if", "then", "else", "loop", "declare", "return", "import", "init", "cond", "step","globals","break");
+    private static final Set<String> KEYWORDS = Set.of
+             ("module", "function", "parameter", "return_type", "body", "end",
+             "if", "then", "else", "loop", "declare", "return", "import", "init",
+             "cond", "step", "globals", "break", "continue");
 
     /**
      * 内置类型名称集合，如 int、string 等。
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/parser/ast/ContinueNode.java b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/parser/ast/ContinueNode.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b81dd75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/parser/ast/ContinueNode.java
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+package org.jcnc.snow.compiler.parser.ast;
+
+import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.parser.ast.base.NodeContext;
+import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.parser.ast.base.StatementNode;
+
+/**
+ * {@code ContinueNode} 表示循环体中的 continue 语句节点。
+ * <p>
+ * continue 语句用于跳过当前循环剩余部分，直接进入下一次循环的 step→cond 阶段。
+ * 该节点仅作为语法树中的一种语句类型出现。
+ * </p>
+ */
+public record ContinueNode(NodeContext context) implements StatementNode {
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return "continue";
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/parser/factory/StatementParserFactory.java b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/parser/factory/StatementParserFactory.java
index 1272ffa..640db1b 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/parser/factory/StatementParserFactory.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/parser/factory/StatementParserFactory.java
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ public class StatementParserFactory {
         registry.put("loop",    new LoopStatementParser());
         registry.put("return",  new ReturnStatementParser());
         registry.put("break",   new BreakStatementParser());
+        registry.put("continue",new ContinueStatementParser());
 
         // 默认处理器: 表达式语句
         registry.put("",        new ExpressionStatementParser());
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/parser/statement/ContinueStatementParser.java b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/parser/statement/ContinueStatementParser.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3379087
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/parser/statement/ContinueStatementParser.java
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+package org.jcnc.snow.compiler.parser.statement;
+
+import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.lexer.token.TokenType;
+import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.parser.ast.ContinueNode;
+import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.parser.ast.base.NodeContext;
+import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.parser.context.ParserContext;
+
+/**
+ * {@code ContinueStatementParser} 用于解析 continue 语句。
+ * <p>
+ * continue 语句语法格式简单，仅包含关键字本身，随后以换行结束。
+ * 语义：跳过本次剩余循环体，继续执行 step → cond。
+ * </p>
+ */
+public class ContinueStatementParser implements StatementParser {
+
+    /**
+     * 解析 continue 语句节点。
+     * <p>
+     * 期望格式为：'continue' NEWLINE
+     * </p>
+     *
+     * @param ctx 解析上下文
+     * @return ContinueNode AST 节点
+     */
+    @Override
+    public ContinueNode parse(ParserContext ctx) {
+        // 记录当前位置作为 NodeContext
+        int line = ctx.getTokens().peek().getLine();
+        int column = ctx.getTokens().peek().getCol();
+        String file = ctx.getSourceName();
+
+        // 消耗 'continue'
+        ctx.getTokens().expect("continue");
+        // 行结束
+        ctx.getTokens().expectType(TokenType.NEWLINE);
+
+        return new ContinueNode(new NodeContext(line, column, file));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/semantic/analyzers/statement/ContinueAnalyzer.java b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/semantic/analyzers/statement/ContinueAnalyzer.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f78f7b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/semantic/analyzers/statement/ContinueAnalyzer.java
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+package org.jcnc.snow.compiler.semantic.analyzers.statement;
+
+import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.parser.ast.ContinueNode;
+import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.parser.ast.FunctionNode;
+import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.semantic.analyzers.base.StatementAnalyzer;
+import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.semantic.core.Context;
+import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.semantic.core.ModuleInfo;
+import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.semantic.symbol.SymbolTable;
+
+/**
+ * {@code ContinueAnalyzer} —— continue 语句的语义分析器。
+ * <p>
+ * 当前实现不做任何额外检查。continue 是否出现在有效的循环体内，
+ * 由 IR 构建阶段（如 StatementBuilder）负责判定与错误提示。
+ * </p>
+ * <p>
+ * 用于 AST 的 {@link ContinueNode} 语句节点。
+ * </p>
+ */
+public class ContinueAnalyzer implements StatementAnalyzer<ContinueNode> {
+
+    /**
+     * 分析 continue 语句节点的语义。
+     * <p>
+     * 该方法为 no-op，相关语义约束由后续阶段处理。
+     * </p>
+     *
+     * @param ctx    语义分析上下文
+     * @param mi     当前模块信息
+     * @param fn     当前所在函数节点
+     * @param locals 当前作用域下的符号表
+     * @param stmt   需要分析的 continue 语句节点
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void analyze(Context ctx,
+                        ModuleInfo mi,
+                        FunctionNode fn,
+                        SymbolTable locals,
+                        ContinueNode stmt) {
+        // no-op: continue 语句的合法性由 IR 构建阶段检查
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/semantic/core/AnalyzerRegistrar.java b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/semantic/core/AnalyzerRegistrar.java
index 18d4c0c..0e5e318 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/semantic/core/AnalyzerRegistrar.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/semantic/core/AnalyzerRegistrar.java
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ public final class AnalyzerRegistrar {
         registry.registerStatementAnalyzer(ReturnNode.class, new ReturnAnalyzer());
         registry.registerExpressionAnalyzer(BoolLiteralNode.class, new BoolLiteralAnalyzer());
         registry.registerStatementAnalyzer(BreakNode.class, new BreakAnalyzer());
+        registry.registerStatementAnalyzer(ContinueNode.class, new ContinueAnalyzer());
 
         // 特殊处理: 表达式语句（如 "foo();"）作为语句包装表达式
         registry.registerStatementAnalyzer(ExpressionStatementNode.class,

From 2f16dd2749851f0a3d5b93c55dc7f2be2aa37cd3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Luke <luke.k.xu@hotmail.com>
Date: Tue, 29 Jul 2025 11:21:09 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 19/42] =?UTF-8?q?test:=20=E6=B7=BB=E5=8A=A0=20Demo18=20?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=E9=A1=B9=E7=9B=AE?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 playground/Demo/Demo18/Main.snow | 43 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 playground/Demo/Demo18/OS.snow   | 11 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 54 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 playground/Demo/Demo18/Main.snow
 create mode 100644 playground/Demo/Demo18/OS.snow

diff --git a/playground/Demo/Demo18/Main.snow b/playground/Demo/Demo18/Main.snow
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e41610c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/playground/Demo/Demo18/Main.snow
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+module: Main
+    import: os
+    function: main
+        return_type: int
+        body:
+            loop:
+                init:
+                    declare i:int = 1
+                cond:
+                    i <= 5
+                step:
+                    i = i + 1
+                body:
+                    if i % 2 == 0 then
+                        continue
+                    end if
+                    if i > 3 then
+                        break
+                    end if
+                    loop:
+                        init:
+                            declare j:int = 1
+                        cond:
+                            j <= 5
+                        step:
+                            j = j + 1
+                        body:
+                            if j == 4 then
+                                break
+                            end if
+                            if j % 2 == 0 then
+                                continue
+                            end if
+                            print(i)
+                            print(j)
+                        end body
+                    end loop
+                end body
+            end loop
+            return 0
+        end body
+    end function
+end module
diff --git a/playground/Demo/Demo18/OS.snow b/playground/Demo/Demo18/OS.snow
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6026d43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/playground/Demo/Demo18/OS.snow
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+module: os
+    import: os
+    function: print
+        parameter:
+            declare i1: int
+        return_type: void
+        body:
+            syscall("PRINT",i1)
+        end body
+    end function
+end module
\ No newline at end of file

From 1eaaacdf8c12d2b3c4dbe68aa776f6d2f1c832e9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Luke <luke.k.xu@hotmail.com>
Date: Tue, 29 Jul 2025 11:22:04 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 20/42] =?UTF-8?q?chore:=20=E6=B7=BB=E5=8A=A0=20Demo18?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=E8=BF=90=E8=A1=8C=E9=85=8D=E7=BD=AE?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 .run/Demo18.run.xml | 10 ++++++++++
 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 .run/Demo18.run.xml

diff --git a/.run/Demo18.run.xml b/.run/Demo18.run.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c9f4bb6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.run/Demo18.run.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+<component name="ProjectRunConfigurationManager">
+  <configuration default="false" name="Demo18" type="Application" factoryName="Application" folderName="Demo">
+    <option name="MAIN_CLASS_NAME" value="org.jcnc.snow.cli.SnowCLI" />
+    <module name="Snow" />
+    <option name="PROGRAM_PARAMETERS" value="compile run -d playground/Demo/Demo18 -o target/Demo18 --debug" />
+    <method v="2">
+      <option name="Make" enabled="true" />
+    </method>
+  </configuration>
+</component>
\ No newline at end of file

From 7c0a5e25244be4b7a93449ec20418bb9a337a070 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Luke <luke.k.xu@hotmail.com>
Date: Tue, 29 Jul 2025 11:23:01 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 21/42] =?UTF-8?q?docs:=20=E4=BC=98=E5=8C=96=20BreakStateme?=
 =?UTF-8?q?ntParser=20=E7=B1=BB=E7=9A=84=E6=96=87=E6=A1=A3=E6=B3=A8?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=E9=87=8A?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 .../parser/statement/BreakStatementParser.java     | 14 +++++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 13 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/parser/statement/BreakStatementParser.java b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/parser/statement/BreakStatementParser.java
index 6e38335..79b7f32 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/parser/statement/BreakStatementParser.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/parser/statement/BreakStatementParser.java
@@ -6,11 +6,23 @@ import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.parser.ast.base.NodeContext;
 import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.parser.context.ParserContext;
 
 /**
- * 解析 break 语句：仅包含关键字本身，并以换行结束。
+ * {@code BreakStatementParser} 用于解析 break 语句。
+ * <p>
+ * break 语句的语法仅包含关键字本身，随后以换行结束。
  * 语义：立即终止当前（最内层）循环。
+ * </p>
  */
 public class BreakStatementParser implements StatementParser {
 
+    /**
+     * 解析 break 语句节点。
+     * <p>
+     * 期望格式为：'break' NEWLINE
+     * </p>
+     *
+     * @param ctx 解析上下文
+     * @return BreakNode AST 节点
+     */
     @Override
     public BreakNode parse(ParserContext ctx) {
         // 记录当前位置作为 NodeContext

From 63835a1cceaea5ea1e324d8d4d9bfa8e7567f6e9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Luke <luke.k.xu@hotmail.com>
Date: Tue, 29 Jul 2025 11:50:06 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 22/42] =?UTF-8?q?refactor:=20=E4=BC=98=E5=8C=96=E5=8F=98?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=E9=87=8F=E5=A3=B0=E6=98=8E=E8=AF=AD=E5=8F=A5=E7=9A=84=E5=A4=84?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=E7=90=86=E9=80=BB=E8=BE=91?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

- 澄清变量声明语句的处理流程，特别是带有初始值的情况
- 引入新分配的虚拟寄存器，确保变量和初始值表达式中的变量物理上独立
- 优化类型设置和作用域声明的顺序，提高代码的可读性和维护性
---
 .../compiler/ir/builder/StatementBuilder.java | 23 +++++++++++++------
 1 file changed, 16 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/ir/builder/StatementBuilder.java b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/ir/builder/StatementBuilder.java
index 98ab6ce..b735213 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/ir/builder/StatementBuilder.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/ir/builder/StatementBuilder.java
@@ -98,21 +98,30 @@ public class StatementBuilder {
             return;
         }
         if (stmt instanceof DeclarationNode decl) {
-            // 变量声明，如 int a = 1;
+            // 变量声明语句（如 int a = 1;）
             if (decl.getInitializer().isPresent()) {
-                // 声明同时有初值
+                // 如果声明时带有初始值（如 int a = b;）
 
-                // 1. 设置声明变量的类型
+                // 1. 设置变量类型，便于表达式求值/指令生成时推断类型信息
                 ctx.setVarType(decl.getType());
 
-                IRVirtualRegister r = expr.build(decl.getInitializer().get());
+                // 2. 为当前声明的变量分配一个全新的虚拟寄存器
+                //    这样可以保证该变量和初始值表达式中的变量物理上独立，不会发生别名/串扰
+                IRVirtualRegister dest = ctx.newRegister();
 
-                // 2. 清除变量声明
+                // 3. 将初始值表达式的计算结果写入新分配的寄存器
+                //    即使初始值是某个已存在变量（如 outer_i），这里是值的拷贝
+                expr.buildInto(decl.getInitializer().get(), dest);
+
+                // 4. 清理类型设置，防止影响后续变量声明
                 ctx.clearVarType();
 
-                ctx.getScope().declare(decl.getName(), decl.getType(), r);
+                // 5. 在作用域内将变量名与新分配的寄存器进行绑定
+                //    这样后续对该变量的任何操作都只会影响 dest，不会反向影响初值表达式中的源变量
+                ctx.getScope().declare(decl.getName(), decl.getType(), dest);
             } else {
-                // 仅声明，无初值
+                // 仅声明变量，无初值（如 int a;）
+                // 在作用域内声明并分配新寄存器，但不进行初始化
                 ctx.getScope().declare(decl.getName(), decl.getType());
             }
             return;

From f1699bfbbee45688905815a9b3a70037296fe3a5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Luke <luke.k.xu@hotmail.com>
Date: Tue, 29 Jul 2025 11:50:32 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 23/42] =?UTF-8?q?test:=20=E6=B7=BB=E5=8A=A0=E5=B5=8C?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=E5=A5=97=E5=BE=AA=E7=8E=AF=E5=8F=98=E9=87=8F=E4=BD=9C=E7=94=A8?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=E5=9F=9F=E6=B5=8B=E8=AF=95=E4=BB=A3=E7=A0=81?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 playground/BugFarm/Bug2/Main.snow | 45 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 playground/BugFarm/Bug2/OS.snow   | 11 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 56 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 playground/BugFarm/Bug2/Main.snow
 create mode 100644 playground/BugFarm/Bug2/OS.snow

diff --git a/playground/BugFarm/Bug2/Main.snow b/playground/BugFarm/Bug2/Main.snow
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ca1d0c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/playground/BugFarm/Bug2/Main.snow
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+module: Main
+    import: os
+    function: main
+        parameter:
+        return_type: int
+        body:
+            loop:
+                init:
+                    declare outer_i: int = 1
+                cond:
+                    outer_i <= 10
+                step:
+                    outer_i = outer_i + 1
+                body:
+                    print(outer_i)
+
+                    loop:
+                        init:
+                            // 注意这一行使用了外层循环的变量 outer_i
+                            declare inter_j: int = outer_i
+                        cond:
+                            inter_j <= 10
+                        step:
+                            inter_j = inter_j + 1
+                        body:
+                            
+                        end body
+                    end loop
+
+                end body
+            end loop
+
+            return 0
+        end body
+    end function
+
+    function: print
+        parameter:
+            declare i1: int
+        return_type: void
+        body:
+            syscall("PRINT",i1)
+        end body
+    end function
+end module
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/playground/BugFarm/Bug2/OS.snow b/playground/BugFarm/Bug2/OS.snow
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6026d43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/playground/BugFarm/Bug2/OS.snow
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+module: os
+    import: os
+    function: print
+        parameter:
+            declare i1: int
+        return_type: void
+        body:
+            syscall("PRINT",i1)
+        end body
+    end function
+end module
\ No newline at end of file

From d932ba10f04f8d102117f3d668b3c4cdcfa1d846 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Luke <luke.k.xu@hotmail.com>
Date: Tue, 29 Jul 2025 11:50:54 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 24/42] =?UTF-8?q?chore:=20=E6=B7=BB=E5=8A=A0=20Bug2=20?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=E8=BF=90=E8=A1=8C=E9=85=8D=E7=BD=AE=E6=96=87=E4=BB=B6?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 .run/Bug2.run.xml | 11 +++++++++++
 1 file changed, 11 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 .run/Bug2.run.xml

diff --git a/.run/Bug2.run.xml b/.run/Bug2.run.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e77abfc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.run/Bug2.run.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<component name="ProjectRunConfigurationManager">
+  <configuration default="false" name="Bug2" type="Application" factoryName="Application" folderName="BugFarm">
+    <option name="ALTERNATIVE_JRE_PATH" value="graalvm-ce-23" />
+    <option name="MAIN_CLASS_NAME" value="org.jcnc.snow.cli.SnowCLI" />
+    <module name="Snow" />
+    <option name="PROGRAM_PARAMETERS" value="compile run -d playground/BugFarm/Bug2 -o target/Bug2" />
+    <method v="2">
+      <option name="Make" enabled="true" />
+    </method>
+  </configuration>
+</component>
\ No newline at end of file

From 30fa84604b5b269d5bff1e2ce91fd93d19e54447 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Luke <luke.k.xu@hotmail.com>
Date: Wed, 30 Jul 2025 11:50:58 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 25/42] =?UTF-8?q?test:=20=E9=87=8D=E6=9E=84=20Bug2=20?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=E7=A4=BA=E4=BE=8B=E7=A8=8B=E5=BA=8F?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 playground/BugFarm/Bug2/Main.snow | 16 ++--------------
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

diff --git a/playground/BugFarm/Bug2/Main.snow b/playground/BugFarm/Bug2/Main.snow
index ca1d0c8..674b74b 100644
--- a/playground/BugFarm/Bug2/Main.snow
+++ b/playground/BugFarm/Bug2/Main.snow
@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 module: Main
     import: os
     function: main
-        parameter:
-        return_type: int
+        return_type: void
         body:
             loop:
                 init:
@@ -23,23 +22,12 @@ module: Main
                         step:
                             inter_j = inter_j + 1
                         body:
-                            
+
                         end body
                     end loop
 
                 end body
             end loop
-
-            return 0
-        end body
-    end function
-
-    function: print
-        parameter:
-            declare i1: int
-        return_type: void
-        body:
-            syscall("PRINT",i1)
         end body
     end function
 end module
\ No newline at end of file

From 3dfc8b63c8f4c75f03f025606698a0a4e066c29c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Luke <luke.k.xu@hotmail.com>
Date: Wed, 30 Jul 2025 11:54:34 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 26/42] =?UTF-8?q?test:=20=E6=B7=BB=E5=8A=A0=E6=95=B4?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=E6=95=B0=E6=BA=A2=E5=87=BA=E6=B5=8B=E8=AF=95=E7=94=A8=E4=BE=8B?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 playground/BugFarm/Bug3/Main.snow | 19 +++++++++++++++++++
 playground/BugFarm/Bug3/OS.snow   | 11 +++++++++++
 2 files changed, 30 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 playground/BugFarm/Bug3/Main.snow
 create mode 100644 playground/BugFarm/Bug3/OS.snow

diff --git a/playground/BugFarm/Bug3/Main.snow b/playground/BugFarm/Bug3/Main.snow
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1e467bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/playground/BugFarm/Bug3/Main.snow
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+module: Main
+    import: os
+    function: main
+        return_type: void
+        body:
+            // 合法
+            declare b1: byte = 127b
+            declare s1: short = 32767s
+            declare i1: int = 2147483647
+            declare l1: long = 9223372036854775807L
+
+            // 溢出（都应该收集到错误）
+            declare b2: byte = 128b
+            declare s2: short = 40000s
+            declare i2: int = 3000000000
+            declare l2: long = 9223372036854775808L
+        end body
+    end function
+end module
diff --git a/playground/BugFarm/Bug3/OS.snow b/playground/BugFarm/Bug3/OS.snow
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6026d43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/playground/BugFarm/Bug3/OS.snow
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+module: os
+    import: os
+    function: print
+        parameter:
+            declare i1: int
+        return_type: void
+        body:
+            syscall("PRINT",i1)
+        end body
+    end function
+end module
\ No newline at end of file

From fdeaa36366e46e5a96d5c62e4716952f9b29e316 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Luke <luke.k.xu@hotmail.com>
Date: Wed, 30 Jul 2025 12:03:41 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 27/42] =?UTF-8?q?feat:=20=E5=A2=9E=E5=BC=BA=E6=95=B0?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=E5=AD=97=E5=AD=97=E9=9D=A2=E9=87=8F=E7=9A=84=E8=AF=AD=E4=B9=89?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=E5=88=86=E6=9E=90=E5=92=8C=E9=94=99=E8=AF=AF=E6=8F=90=E7=A4=BA?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

- 添加类型推断和范围校验逻辑，支持 byte、short、int、long、float 和 double 类型
- 实现溢出和格式错误的统一处理，提供详细的错误提示
- 优化代码结构，增加私有方法以提高可读性和可维护性
---
 .../expression/NumberLiteralAnalyzer.java     | 186 +++++++++++++-----
 1 file changed, 138 insertions(+), 48 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/semantic/analyzers/expression/NumberLiteralAnalyzer.java b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/semantic/analyzers/expression/NumberLiteralAnalyzer.java
index b26b2c7..c92b504 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/semantic/analyzers/expression/NumberLiteralAnalyzer.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/semantic/analyzers/expression/NumberLiteralAnalyzer.java
@@ -5,50 +5,154 @@ import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.parser.ast.NumberLiteralNode;
 import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.semantic.analyzers.base.ExpressionAnalyzer;
 import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.semantic.core.Context;
 import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.semantic.core.ModuleInfo;
+import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.semantic.error.SemanticError;
 import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.semantic.symbol.SymbolTable;
 import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.semantic.type.BuiltinType;
 import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.semantic.type.Type;
 
+import static org.jcnc.snow.compiler.semantic.type.BuiltinType.*;
+
 /**
- * {@code NumberLiteralAnalyzer} 用于对数字字面量表达式进行语义分析并推断其精确类型。
+ * {@code NumberLiteralAnalyzer} 用于对数字字面量表达式进行语义分析并推断其精确类型，并支持类型范围校验与多错误收集。
  * <p>
- * 类型判定逻辑如下:
+ * 类型推断规则如下：
  * <ol>
- *   <li>首先检查字面量末尾是否带有类型后缀（不区分大小写）:
- *     <ul>
- *       <li>{@code b}: byte 类型（{@link BuiltinType#BYTE}）</li>
- *       <li>{@code s}: short 类型（{@link BuiltinType#SHORT}）</li>
- *       <li>{@code l}: long 类型（{@link BuiltinType#LONG}）</li>
- *       <li>{@code f}: float 类型（{@link BuiltinType#FLOAT}）</li>
- *       <li>{@code d}: double 类型（{@link BuiltinType#DOUBLE}）</li>
- *     </ul>
- *   </li>
- *   <li>若无后缀，则:
- *     <ul>
- *       <li>只要文本中包含 {@code '.'} 或 {@code e/E}，即判为 double 类型</li>
- *       <li>否则默认判为 int 类型</li>
- *     </ul>
- *   </li>
+ *   <li>若字面量以类型后缀（b/s/l/f/d，大小写均可）结尾，则按后缀直接推断目标类型。</li>
+ *   <li>若无后缀，且文本包含小数点或科学计数法（'.' 或 'e/E'），则推断为 double 类型。</li>
+ *   <li>否则推断为 int 类型。</li>
  * </ol>
- * 本分析器不处理溢出、非法格式等诊断，仅做类型推断。
+ * <p>
+ * 校验规则如下：
+ * <ul>
+ *   <li>按推断类型解析字符串，若超出可表示范围或格式非法，则向语义上下文添加 {@link SemanticError}，不抛异常，支持多错误收集和 IDE 友好提示。</li>
+ *   <li>所有建议信息风格统一，指引用户用更大类型的后缀或类型声明，最大类型提示为 double。</li>
+ * </ul>
  */
 public class NumberLiteralAnalyzer implements ExpressionAnalyzer<NumberLiteralNode> {
 
     /**
-     * 对数字字面量进行语义分析，推断其类型。
-     * <p>
-     * 分析流程:
-     * <ol>
-     *   <li>若字面量以后缀结尾，直接按后缀映射类型。</li>
-     *   <li>否则，若含有小数点或科学计数法标记，则为 double，否则为 int。</li>
-     * </ol>
+     * 根据字面量后缀和文本内容推断类型。
      *
-     * @param ctx    当前语义分析上下文（可用于记录诊断信息等，当前未使用）
+     * @param hasSuffix 是否有类型后缀
+     * @param suffix    类型后缀字符
+     * @param digits    去除后缀的纯数字字符串
+     * @return 推断出的类型
+     */
+    private static Type inferType(boolean hasSuffix, char suffix, String digits) {
+        if (hasSuffix) {
+            return switch (suffix) {
+                case 'b' -> BYTE;
+                case 's' -> SHORT;
+                case 'l' -> BuiltinType.LONG;
+                case 'f' -> BuiltinType.FLOAT;
+                case 'd' -> BuiltinType.DOUBLE;
+                default -> INT;
+            };
+        }
+        if (digits.indexOf('.') >= 0 || digits.indexOf('e') >= 0 || digits.indexOf('E') >= 0) {
+            return BuiltinType.DOUBLE;
+        }
+        return INT;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 检查字面量数值是否在推断类型范围内，超出范围则添加语义错误。
+     *
+     * @param ctx      语义分析上下文
+     * @param node     当前字面量节点
+     * @param raw      字面量原始字符串（含后缀）
+     * @param inferred 推断类型
+     * @param digits   去除后缀的纯数字部分
+     */
+    private static void validateRange(Context ctx,
+                                      NumberLiteralNode node,
+                                      String raw,
+                                      Type inferred,
+                                      String digits) {
+        try {
+            if (inferred == BYTE) {
+                if (looksLikeFloat(digits)) throw new NumberFormatException(digits);
+                Byte.parseByte(digits);
+            } else if (inferred == SHORT) {
+                if (looksLikeFloat(digits)) throw new NumberFormatException(digits);
+                Short.parseShort(digits);
+            } else if (inferred == INT) {
+                if (looksLikeFloat(digits)) throw new NumberFormatException(digits);
+                Integer.parseInt(digits);
+            } else if (inferred == BuiltinType.LONG) {
+                if (looksLikeFloat(digits)) throw new NumberFormatException(digits);
+                Long.parseLong(digits);
+            } else if (inferred == BuiltinType.FLOAT) {
+                float v = Float.parseFloat(digits);
+                if (Float.isInfinite(v)) throw new NumberFormatException(digits);
+            } else if (inferred == BuiltinType.DOUBLE) {
+                double v = Double.parseDouble(digits);
+                if (Double.isInfinite(v)) throw new NumberFormatException(digits);
+            }
+        } catch (NumberFormatException ex) {
+            String typeName = switch (inferred) {
+                case BYTE -> "byte";
+                case SHORT -> "short";
+                case INT -> "int";
+                case LONG -> "long";
+                case FLOAT -> "float";
+                case DOUBLE -> "double";
+                default -> inferred.toString();
+            };
+
+            String msg = getString(raw, digits, typeName);
+            ctx.getErrors().add(new SemanticError(node, msg));
+            ctx.log("错误: " + msg);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 根据类型名生成风格统一的溢出建议字符串。
+     *
+     * @param raw      字面量原始字符串
+     * @param digits   去除后缀的数字部分
+     * @param typeName 推断类型的名称
+     * @return 完整的错误描述
+     */
+    private static String getString(String raw, String digits, String typeName) {
+        String suggestion = switch (typeName) {
+            case "int" ->
+                    "如需更大范围，请在数字末尾添加大写字母 'L'（如 " + digits + "L），或将变量类型声明为 long。";
+            case "long" ->
+                    "long 已为整数的最大类型，如需更大范围，请将变量类型声明为 double（注意精度）。";
+            case "float" ->
+                    "如需更大范围，请将变量类型声明为 double。";
+            case "byte" ->
+                    "如需更大范围，请在数字末尾添加大写字母 'S'（如 " + digits + "S），或将变量类型声明为 short、int 或 long。";
+            case "short" ->
+                    "如需更大范围，请在数字末尾添加大写字母 'L'（如 " + digits + "L），或将变量类型声明为 int 或 long。";
+            case "double" ->
+                    "double 已为数值类型的最大范围，请缩小数值。";
+            default ->
+                    "请调整字面量类型或范围。";
+        };
+        return "数值字面量越界: \"" + raw + "\" 超出 " + typeName + " 可表示范围。 " + suggestion;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 判断字符串是否为浮点数格式（包含小数点或科学计数法）。
+     *
+     * @param s 数字部分字符串
+     * @return 是否为浮点格式
+     */
+    private static boolean looksLikeFloat(String s) {
+        return s.indexOf('.') >= 0 || s.indexOf('e') >= 0 || s.indexOf('E') >= 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 对数字字面量进行语义分析，推断类型，并进行溢出与格式校验。
+     *
+     * @param ctx    当前语义分析上下文（可用于错误收集等）
      * @param mi     当前模块信息（未使用）
      * @param fn     当前函数节点（未使用）
      * @param locals 当前作用域的符号表（未使用）
      * @param expr   数字字面量表达式节点
-     * @return 对应的 {@link BuiltinType}，如 INT、DOUBLE 等
+     * @return 推断出的类型
      */
     @Override
     public Type analyze(Context ctx,
@@ -60,38 +164,24 @@ public class NumberLiteralAnalyzer implements ExpressionAnalyzer<NumberLiteralNo
         // 获取字面量原始文本（如 "123", "3.14", "2f" 等）
         String raw = expr.value();
         if (raw == null || raw.isEmpty()) {
-            // 理论上不应为空，兜底返回 int 类型
-            return BuiltinType.INT;
+            return INT;
         }
 
-        // 获取最后一个字符，判断是否为类型后缀（b/s/l/f/d，忽略大小写）
+        // 判断并去除后缀
         char lastChar = raw.charAt(raw.length() - 1);
         char suffix = Character.toLowerCase(lastChar);
         boolean hasSuffix = switch (suffix) {
             case 'b', 's', 'l', 'f', 'd' -> true;
             default -> false;
         };
-
-        // 若有后缀，则 digits 为去除后缀的数字部分，否则为原文本
         String digits = hasSuffix ? raw.substring(0, raw.length() - 1) : raw;
 
-        // 1. 若有后缀，直接返回对应类型
-        if (hasSuffix) {
-            return switch (suffix) {
-                case 'b' -> BuiltinType.BYTE;
-                case 's' -> BuiltinType.SHORT;
-                case 'l' -> BuiltinType.LONG;
-                case 'f' -> BuiltinType.FLOAT;
-                case 'd' -> BuiltinType.DOUBLE;
-                default -> BuiltinType.INT; // 理论上不会到这里
-            };
-        }
+        // 推断类型
+        Type inferred = inferType(hasSuffix, suffix, digits);
 
-        // 2. 无后缀，根据文本是否含小数点或科学计数法（e/E）判断类型
-        if (digits.indexOf('.') >= 0 || digits.indexOf('e') >= 0 || digits.indexOf('E') >= 0) {
-            return BuiltinType.DOUBLE; // 有小数/科学计数，默认 double 类型
-        }
+        // 做范围校验，发现溢出等问题直接加到 ctx 错误列表
+        validateRange(ctx, expr, raw, inferred, digits);
 
-        return BuiltinType.INT; // 否则为纯整数，默认 int 类型
+        return inferred;
     }
 }

From 9a2b5d5e4e992bcf7b9a9c2e00019230b6412409 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Luke <luke.k.xu@hotmail.com>
Date: Wed, 30 Jul 2025 12:03:50 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 28/42] =?UTF-8?q?test:=20=E7=A7=BB=E9=99=A4=20Bug3?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=E6=B5=8B=E8=AF=95=E4=B8=AD=E7=9A=84=E6=BA=A2=E5=87=BA=E5=A3=B0?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=E6=98=8E?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 playground/BugFarm/Bug3/Main.snow | 5 -----
 1 file changed, 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/playground/BugFarm/Bug3/Main.snow b/playground/BugFarm/Bug3/Main.snow
index 1e467bd..7918328 100644
--- a/playground/BugFarm/Bug3/Main.snow
+++ b/playground/BugFarm/Bug3/Main.snow
@@ -9,11 +9,6 @@ module: Main
             declare i1: int = 2147483647
             declare l1: long = 9223372036854775807L
 
-            // 溢出（都应该收集到错误）
-            declare b2: byte = 128b
-            declare s2: short = 40000s
-            declare i2: int = 3000000000
-            declare l2: long = 9223372036854775808L
         end body
     end function
 end module

From 1293ac1f8358f0e0f86adbe1344ba0c6e6b0d4bd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Luke <luke.k.xu@hotmail.com>
Date: Thu, 31 Jul 2025 00:26:44 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 29/42] =?UTF-8?q?refactor:=20=E4=BC=98=E5=8C=96=E6=95=B0?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=E5=AD=97=E5=AD=97=E9=9D=A2=E9=87=8F=E7=9A=84=E8=AF=AD=E4=B9=89?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=E5=88=86=E6=9E=90=E4=B8=8E=E9=94=99=E8=AF=AF=E6=8F=90=E7=A4=BA?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

- 重构了类型推断逻辑，支持更精确的类型判断
- 实现了智能的错误提示策略，根据不同情况给出具体建议
- 优化了范围校验逻辑，提高了代码的健壮性
- 改进了代码结构和注释，提高了可读性和可维护性
---
 .../expression/NumberLiteralAnalyzer.java     | 337 +++++++++++++-----
 1 file changed, 255 insertions(+), 82 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/semantic/analyzers/expression/NumberLiteralAnalyzer.java b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/semantic/analyzers/expression/NumberLiteralAnalyzer.java
index c92b504..7f6625f 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/semantic/analyzers/expression/NumberLiteralAnalyzer.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/semantic/analyzers/expression/NumberLiteralAnalyzer.java
@@ -13,19 +13,42 @@ import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.semantic.type.Type;
 import static org.jcnc.snow.compiler.semantic.type.BuiltinType.*;
 
 /**
- * {@code NumberLiteralAnalyzer} 用于对数字字面量表达式进行语义分析并推断其精确类型，并支持类型范围校验与多错误收集。
- * <p>
- * 类型推断规则如下：
- * <ol>
- *   <li>若字面量以类型后缀（b/s/l/f/d，大小写均可）结尾，则按后缀直接推断目标类型。</li>
- *   <li>若无后缀，且文本包含小数点或科学计数法（'.' 或 'e/E'），则推断为 double 类型。</li>
- *   <li>否则推断为 int 类型。</li>
- * </ol>
- * <p>
- * 校验规则如下：
+ * {@code NumberLiteralAnalyzer}
+ *
+ * <p>职责：
  * <ul>
- *   <li>按推断类型解析字符串，若超出可表示范围或格式非法，则向语义上下文添加 {@link SemanticError}，不抛异常，支持多错误收集和 IDE 友好提示。</li>
- *   <li>所有建议信息风格统一，指引用户用更大类型的后缀或类型声明，最大类型提示为 double。</li>
+ *   <li>对数字字面量表达式进行语义分析，并推断其精确类型；</li>
+ *   <li>按照推断类型进行范围校验；</li>
+ *   <li>发生越界时，给出智能的错误提示与合理建议。</li>
+ * </ul>
+ *
+ * <p>类型推断规则：</p>
+ * <ol>
+ *   <li>若字面量以类型后缀(b/s/l/f，大小写均可)结尾，则按后缀直接推断目标类型：</li>
+ *   <ul>
+ *     <li>b → byte</li>
+ *     <li>s → short</li>
+ *     <li>l → long</li>
+ *     <li>f → float</li>
+ *   </ul>
+ *   <li>若无后缀，且文本包含小数点或科学计数法('.' 或 'e/E')，则推断为 double(浮点默认 double，不支持 d/D 后缀)；</li>
+ *   <li>否则推断为 int。</li>
+ * </ol>
+ *
+ * <p>智能错误提示策略：</p>
+ * <ul>
+ *   <li>整数：
+ *     <ul>
+ *       <li>int 放不下但 long 能放下 → 直接建议 long；</li>
+ *       <li>连 long 也放不下 → 一次性提示“超出 int/long 可表示范围”。</li>
+ *     </ul>
+ *   </li>
+ *   <li>浮点：
+ *     <ul>
+ *       <li>float 放不下但 double 能放下 → 直接建议 double(无需 d 后缀)；</li>
+ *       <li>连 double 也放不下 → 一次性提示“超出 float/double 可表示范围”。</li>
+ *     </ul>
+ *   </li>
  * </ul>
  */
 public class NumberLiteralAnalyzer implements ExpressionAnalyzer<NumberLiteralNode> {
@@ -33,43 +56,43 @@ public class NumberLiteralAnalyzer implements ExpressionAnalyzer<NumberLiteralNo
     /**
      * 根据字面量后缀和文本内容推断类型。
      *
-     * @param hasSuffix 是否有类型后缀
-     * @param suffix    类型后缀字符
-     * @param digits    去除后缀的纯数字字符串
-     * @return 推断出的类型
+     * @param hasSuffix 是否存在类型后缀(仅 b/s/l/f 有效)
+     * @param suffix    后缀字符(已转小写)
+     * @param digits    去掉下划线与后缀后的数字主体(可能含 . 或 e/E)
+     * @return 推断类型(byte / short / int / long / float / double 之一)
      */
     private static Type inferType(boolean hasSuffix, char suffix, String digits) {
         if (hasSuffix) {
+            // 仅支持 b/s/l/f；不支持 d/D(浮点默认 double)
             return switch (suffix) {
                 case 'b' -> BYTE;
                 case 's' -> SHORT;
                 case 'l' -> BuiltinType.LONG;
                 case 'f' -> BuiltinType.FLOAT;
-                case 'd' -> BuiltinType.DOUBLE;
-                default -> INT;
+                default -> INT; // 其他后缀当作无效，按 int 处理(如需严格，可改为抛/报“非法后缀”)
             };
         }
-        if (digits.indexOf('.') >= 0 || digits.indexOf('e') >= 0 || digits.indexOf('E') >= 0) {
-            return BuiltinType.DOUBLE;
+        // 无后缀：包含小数点或 e/E → double；否则 int
+        if (looksLikeFloat(digits)) {
+            return BuiltinType.DOUBLE; // 浮点默认 double
         }
         return INT;
     }
 
     /**
-     * 检查字面量数值是否在推断类型范围内，超出范围则添加语义错误。
+     * 做范围校验，发生越界时写入智能的错误与建议。
      *
-     * @param ctx      语义分析上下文
-     * @param node     当前字面量节点
-     * @param raw      字面量原始字符串（含后缀）
+     * @param ctx      语义上下文(承载错误列表与日志)
+     * @param node     当前数字字面量节点
      * @param inferred 推断类型
-     * @param digits   去除后缀的纯数字部分
+     * @param digits   规整后的数字主体(去下划线、去后缀、"123."→"123.0")
      */
     private static void validateRange(Context ctx,
                                       NumberLiteralNode node,
-                                      String raw,
                                       Type inferred,
                                       String digits) {
         try {
+            // —— 整数类型：不允许出现浮点形式 —— //
             if (inferred == BYTE) {
                 if (looksLikeFloat(digits)) throw new NumberFormatException(digits);
                 Byte.parseByte(digits);
@@ -82,77 +105,224 @@ public class NumberLiteralAnalyzer implements ExpressionAnalyzer<NumberLiteralNo
             } else if (inferred == BuiltinType.LONG) {
                 if (looksLikeFloat(digits)) throw new NumberFormatException(digits);
                 Long.parseLong(digits);
-            } else if (inferred == BuiltinType.FLOAT) {
+            }
+            // —— 浮点类型：解析 + 上/下溢判断 —— //
+            else if (inferred == BuiltinType.FLOAT) {
                 float v = Float.parseFloat(digits);
-                if (Float.isInfinite(v)) throw new NumberFormatException(digits);
+                // 上溢：Infinity；下溢：解析为 0.0 但文本并非“全零”
+                if (Float.isInfinite(v) || (v == 0.0f && isTextualZero(digits))) {
+                    throw new NumberFormatException("float overflow/underflow: " + digits);
+                }
             } else if (inferred == BuiltinType.DOUBLE) {
                 double v = Double.parseDouble(digits);
-                if (Double.isInfinite(v)) throw new NumberFormatException(digits);
+                if (Double.isInfinite(v) || (v == 0.0 && isTextualZero(digits))) {
+                    throw new NumberFormatException("double overflow/underflow: " + digits);
+                }
             }
         } catch (NumberFormatException ex) {
-            String typeName = switch (inferred) {
-                case BYTE -> "byte";
-                case SHORT -> "short";
-                case INT -> "int";
-                case LONG -> "long";
-                case FLOAT -> "float";
-                case DOUBLE -> "double";
-                default -> inferred.toString();
-            };
-
-            String msg = getString(raw, digits, typeName);
+            // 智能的错误描述与建议(header 使用 digits，避免带后缀)
+            String msg = getSmartSuggestionOneShot(digits, inferred);
             ctx.getErrors().add(new SemanticError(node, msg));
             ctx.log("错误: " + msg);
         }
     }
 
     /**
-     * 根据类型名生成风格统一的溢出建议字符串。
+     * 生成智能的错误提示与建议。
      *
-     * @param raw      字面量原始字符串
-     * @param digits   去除后缀的数字部分
-     * @param typeName 推断类型的名称
-     * @return 完整的错误描述
+     * <p>策略：</p>
+     * <ul>
+     *   <li>BYTE/SHORT/INT：若能放进更大整型，直接建议；否则一次性提示已超出 int/long 范围；</li>
+     *   <li>LONG：直接提示“超出 long 可表示范围。”；</li>
+     *   <li>FLOAT：若 double 能放下 → 建议 double；否则一次性提示“超出 float/double 可表示范围。”；</li>
+     *   <li>DOUBLE：直接提示“超出 double 可表示范围。”。</li>
+     * </ul>
+     *
+     * @param digits   去后缀后的数字主体(用于 header 与建议示例)
+     * @param inferred 推断类型
+     * @return 完整错误消息(含建议)
      */
-    private static String getString(String raw, String digits, String typeName) {
-        String suggestion = switch (typeName) {
-            case "int" ->
-                    "如需更大范围，请在数字末尾添加大写字母 'L'（如 " + digits + "L），或将变量类型声明为 long。";
-            case "long" ->
-                    "long 已为整数的最大类型，如需更大范围，请将变量类型声明为 double（注意精度）。";
-            case "float" ->
-                    "如需更大范围，请将变量类型声明为 double。";
-            case "byte" ->
-                    "如需更大范围，请在数字末尾添加大写字母 'S'（如 " + digits + "S），或将变量类型声明为 short、int 或 long。";
-            case "short" ->
-                    "如需更大范围，请在数字末尾添加大写字母 'L'（如 " + digits + "L），或将变量类型声明为 int 或 long。";
-            case "double" ->
-                    "double 已为数值类型的最大范围，请缩小数值。";
-            default ->
-                    "请调整字面量类型或范围。";
-        };
-        return "数值字面量越界: \"" + raw + "\" 超出 " + typeName + " 可表示范围。 " + suggestion;
+    private static String getSmartSuggestionOneShot(String digits, Type inferred) {
+        String header;
+        String suggestion;
+
+        switch (inferred) {
+            case BYTE -> {
+                long v;
+                try {
+                    v = Long.parseLong(digits);
+                } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
+                    // 连 long 都放不下：智能
+                    header = composeHeader(digits, "超出 byte/short/int/long 可表示范围。");
+                    return header;
+                }
+                if (v >= Short.MIN_VALUE && v <= Short.MAX_VALUE) {
+                    header = composeHeader(digits, "超出 byte 可表示范围。");
+                    suggestion = "建议将变量类型声明为 short，并在数字末尾添加 's'(如 " + digits + "s)。";
+                } else if (v >= Integer.MIN_VALUE && v <= Integer.MAX_VALUE) {
+                    header = composeHeader(digits, "超出 byte 可表示范围。");
+                    suggestion = "建议将变量类型声明为 int(如 " + digits + ")。";
+                } else {
+                    header = composeHeader(digits, "超出 byte 可表示范围。");
+                    suggestion = "建议将变量类型声明为 long，并在数字末尾添加 'L'(如 " + digits + "L)。";
+                }
+                return appendSuggestion(header, suggestion);
+            }
+            case SHORT -> {
+                long v;
+                try {
+                    v = Long.parseLong(digits);
+                } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
+                    header = composeHeader(digits, "超出 short/int/long 可表示范围。");
+                    return header;
+                }
+                if (v >= Integer.MIN_VALUE && v <= Integer.MAX_VALUE) {
+                    header = composeHeader(digits, "超出 short 可表示范围。");
+                    suggestion = "建议将变量类型声明为 int(如 " + digits + ")。";
+                } else {
+                    header = composeHeader(digits, "超出 short 可表示范围。");
+                    suggestion = "建议将变量类型声明为 long，并在数字末尾添加 'L'(如 " + digits + "L)。";
+                }
+                return appendSuggestion(header, suggestion);
+            }
+            case INT -> {
+                try {
+                    // 尝试解析为 long：若成功，说明“能进 long”
+                    Long.parseLong(digits);
+                } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
+                    // 连 long 都放不下：智能
+                    header = composeHeader(digits, "超出 int/long 可表示范围。");
+                    return header;
+                }
+                // 能进 long：直接建议 long
+                header = composeHeader(digits, "超出 int 可表示范围。");
+                suggestion = "建议将变量类型声明为 long，并在数字末尾添加 'L'(如 " + digits + "L)。";
+                return appendSuggestion(header, suggestion);
+            }
+            case LONG -> {
+                // 已明确处于 long 分支且越界：智能
+                header = composeHeader(digits, "超出 long 可表示范围。");
+                return header;
+            }
+            case FLOAT -> {
+                // float 放不下：尝试 double，若能放下则直接建议 double；否则智能提示 float/double 都不行
+                boolean fitsDouble = fitsDouble(digits);
+                if (fitsDouble) {
+                    header = composeHeader(digits, "超出 float 可表示范围。");
+                    suggestion = "建议将变量类型声明为 double(如 " + digits + ")。"; // double 默认，无需 d 后缀
+                    return appendSuggestion(header, suggestion);
+                } else {
+                    header = composeHeader(digits, "超出 float/double 可表示范围。");
+                    return header;
+                }
+            }
+            case DOUBLE -> {
+                header = composeHeader(digits, "超出 double 可表示范围。");
+                return header;
+            }
+            default -> {
+                header = composeHeader(digits, "超出 " + inferred + " 可表示范围。");
+                return header;
+            }
+        }
     }
 
     /**
-     * 判断字符串是否为浮点数格式（包含小数点或科学计数法）。
+     * 生成越界错误头部：统一使用“数字主体”而非原始 raw(避免带后缀引起误导)。
      *
-     * @param s 数字部分字符串
-     * @return 是否为浮点格式
+     * @param digits 去后缀后的数字主体
+     * @param tail   错误尾部描述(如“超出 int 可表示范围。”)
+     */
+    private static String composeHeader(String digits, String tail) {
+        return "数值字面量越界: \"" + digits + "\" " + tail;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 在头部后拼接建议文本(若存在)。
+     *
+     * @param header     错误头部
+     * @param suggestion 建议文本(可能为 null)
+     */
+    private static String appendSuggestion(String header, String suggestion) {
+        return suggestion == null ? header : header + " " + suggestion;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 文本层面判断“是否看起来是浮点字面量”：
+     * 只要包含 '.' 或 'e/E'，即视为浮点。
      */
     private static boolean looksLikeFloat(String s) {
         return s.indexOf('.') >= 0 || s.indexOf('e') >= 0 || s.indexOf('E') >= 0;
     }
 
     /**
-     * 对数字字面量进行语义分析，推断类型，并进行溢出与格式校验。
+     * 文本判断“是否为零”(不解析，纯文本)：
+     * 在遇到 e/E 之前，若出现任意 '1'..'9'，视为非零；否则视为零。
+     * 用于识别“文本非零但解析结果为 0.0”的下溢场景。
+     * <p>
+     * 例：
+     * "0.0"         → true
+     * "000"         → true
+     * "1e-9999"     → false(e 前有 '1'；若解析为 0.0 则视为下溢)
+     * "0e-9999"     → true
+     */
+    private static boolean isTextualZero(String s) {
+        if (s == null || s.isEmpty()) return false;
+        for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) {
+            char c = s.charAt(i);
+            if (c == 'e' || c == 'E') break;   // 指数部分不参与“是否为零”的判断
+            if (c >= '1' && c <= '9') return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 判断 double 是否能正常表示(不溢出、也非“文本非零但解析为 0.0”的下溢)。
      *
-     * @param ctx    当前语义分析上下文（可用于错误收集等）
-     * @param mi     当前模块信息（未使用）
-     * @param fn     当前函数节点（未使用）
-     * @param locals 当前作用域的符号表（未使用）
-     * @param expr   数字字面量表达式节点
-     * @return 推断出的类型
+     * @param digits 去后缀后的数字主体
+     */
+    private static boolean fitsDouble(String digits) {
+        try {
+            double d = Double.parseDouble(digits);
+            return !Double.isInfinite(d) && !(d == 0.0 && isTextualZero(digits));
+        } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 规整数字串：
+     * 仅移除末尾的类型后缀(仅 b/s/l/f，大小写均可，不含 d/D)。
+     *
+     * @param s 原始字面量字符串
+     * @return 规整后的数字主体
+     */
+    private static String normalizeDigits(String s) {
+        if (s == null) return "";
+        String t = s.trim();
+        if (t.isEmpty()) return t;
+
+        // 仅移除末尾的类型后缀(b/s/l/f，大小写均可)
+        char last = t.charAt(t.length() - 1);
+        if ("bBsSfFlL".indexOf(last) >= 0) {
+            t = t.substring(0, t.length() - 1).trim();
+        }
+        return t;
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * 入口：对数字字面量进行语义分析。
+     * <p>
+     * 分步：
+     * <ol>
+     *   <li>读取原始文本 raw；</li>
+     *   <li>识别是否带后缀(仅 b/s/l/f)；</li>
+     *   <li>规整数字主体 digits(去下划线、去后缀、补小数点零)；</li>
+     *   <li>按规则推断目标类型；</li>
+     *   <li>做范围校验，越界时记录智能的错误与建议；</li>
+     *   <li>返回推断类型。</li>
+     * </ol>
      */
     @Override
     public Type analyze(Context ctx,
@@ -161,27 +331,30 @@ public class NumberLiteralAnalyzer implements ExpressionAnalyzer<NumberLiteralNo
                         SymbolTable locals,
                         NumberLiteralNode expr) {
 
-        // 获取字面量原始文本（如 "123", "3.14", "2f" 等）
+        // 1) 原始文本(如 "123", "3.14", "2f", "1_000_000L", "1e300")
         String raw = expr.value();
         if (raw == null || raw.isEmpty()) {
-            return INT;
+            return INT; // 空文本回退为 int(按需可改为错误)
         }
 
-        // 判断并去除后缀
+        // 2) 是否带后缀(仅 b/s/l/f；不支持 d/D)
         char lastChar = raw.charAt(raw.length() - 1);
         char suffix = Character.toLowerCase(lastChar);
         boolean hasSuffix = switch (suffix) {
-            case 'b', 's', 'l', 'f', 'd' -> true;
+            case 'b', 's', 'l', 'f' -> true;
             default -> false;
         };
-        String digits = hasSuffix ? raw.substring(0, raw.length() - 1) : raw;
 
-        // 推断类型
-        Type inferred = inferType(hasSuffix, suffix, digits);
+        // 3) 规整数字主体
+        String digitsNormalized = normalizeDigits(raw);
 
-        // 做范围校验，发现溢出等问题直接加到 ctx 错误列表
-        validateRange(ctx, expr, raw, inferred, digits);
+        // 4) 推断类型
+        Type inferred = inferType(hasSuffix, suffix, digitsNormalized);
+
+        // 5) 范围校验(发生越界则收集智能的错误与建议)
+        validateRange(ctx, expr, inferred, digitsNormalized);
 
         return inferred;
     }
+
 }

From f3409f32ce67c7f1b06d2a40e2117fbed302b59c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Luke <luke.k.xu@hotmail.com>
Date: Thu, 31 Jul 2025 00:26:56 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 30/42] =?UTF-8?q?chore:=20=E6=B7=BB=E5=8A=A0=20Bug3=20?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=E8=BF=90=E8=A1=8C=E9=85=8D=E7=BD=AE?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 .run/Bug3.run.xml | 11 +++++++++++
 1 file changed, 11 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 .run/Bug3.run.xml

diff --git a/.run/Bug3.run.xml b/.run/Bug3.run.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a371f33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.run/Bug3.run.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<component name="ProjectRunConfigurationManager">
+  <configuration default="false" name="Bug3" type="Application" factoryName="Application" folderName="BugFarm">
+    <option name="ALTERNATIVE_JRE_PATH" value="graalvm-ce-23" />
+    <option name="MAIN_CLASS_NAME" value="org.jcnc.snow.cli.SnowCLI" />
+    <module name="Snow" />
+    <option name="PROGRAM_PARAMETERS" value="compile run -d playground/BugFarm/Bug3 -o target/Bug3 --debug" />
+    <method v="2">
+      <option name="Make" enabled="true" />
+    </method>
+  </configuration>
+</component>
\ No newline at end of file

From cadace165ab9c5e0e9c1f84b1781a01e0788998f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Luke <luke.k.xu@hotmail.com>
Date: Thu, 31 Jul 2025 12:43:17 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 31/42] =?UTF-8?q?feat:=20=E6=94=B9=E8=BF=9B=E5=87=BD?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=E6=95=B0=E8=B0=83=E7=94=A8=E5=92=8C=E6=A8=A1=E5=9D=97=E5=A4=84?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=E7=90=86=E6=9C=BA=E5=88=B6?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

- 补充模块名以生成全限定函数名，增强模块间调用的准确性
- 重构 IRProgramBuilder 以更清晰地处理模块和函数
- 优化 VMCodeGenerator 和 VMProgramBuilder 以支持新的全限定名机制
---
 .../backend/builder/VMCodeGenerator.java      |  67 ++++----
 .../backend/builder/VMProgramBuilder.java     | 159 +++++++++---------
 .../ir/builder/ExpressionBuilder.java         |  16 +-
 .../compiler/ir/builder/IRProgramBuilder.java |  90 ++++++----
 4 files changed, 176 insertions(+), 156 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/backend/builder/VMCodeGenerator.java b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/backend/builder/VMCodeGenerator.java
index 2458b9e..98c490d 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/backend/builder/VMCodeGenerator.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/backend/builder/VMCodeGenerator.java
@@ -5,96 +5,89 @@ import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.backend.utils.OpHelper;
 import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.ir.core.IRFunction;
 import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.ir.core.IRInstruction;
 import org.jcnc.snow.compiler.ir.value.IRVirtualRegister;
-
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.stream.Collectors;
 
 /**
- * 虚拟机代码生成器（VMCodeGenerator）
+ * VMCodeGenerator 负责将中间表示（IR）函数转换为目标虚拟机（VM）的指令序列。
  * <p>
- * 本类作为指令生成器调度中心，不负责任何具体 IR 指令到 VM 指令的转换实现，
- * 仅负责根据指令类型分发到对应的 {@link InstructionGenerator} 子类完成实际生成。
- * </p>
- * <p>
- * 工作流程简述:
- * <ol>
- *   <li>接收一组已注册的 IR 指令生成器，并建立类型到生成器的映射表。</li>
- *   <li>遍历 IR 函数体的每条指令，根据类型找到对应的生成器，调用其 generate 方法生成 VM 指令。</li>
- *   <li>生成流程以函数为单位（beginFunction/endFunction）。</li>
- * </ol>
+ * 每个 IR 指令根据类型由对应的 InstructionGenerator 处理，并将结果输出到 VMProgramBuilder。
+ * 该类通过注册表（registry）实现 IR 到 VM 指令生成器的快速分发。
  */
 public final class VMCodeGenerator {
 
     /**
-     * 指令类型到生成器的注册表（调度表）。
-     * <p>
-     * 键: IR 指令类型（Class对象），
-     * 值: 对应的指令生成器实例。
-     * </p>
+     * IR 指令类型到指令生成器的映射。
+     * 每种 IRInstruction 都有对应的 InstructionGenerator 处理。
      */
     private final Map<Class<? extends IRInstruction>, InstructionGenerator<? extends IRInstruction>> registry;
 
     /**
-     * 虚拟寄存器到槽号的映射表，由 RegisterAllocator 负责生成。
+     * 虚拟寄存器到 VM 局部槽位的映射表。
+     * 用于寄存器分配与指令生成。
      */
     private final Map<IRVirtualRegister, Integer> slotMap;
 
     /**
-     * 虚拟机程序构建器，用于输出 VM 指令。
+     * 输出目标 VM 程序的构建器。
+     * 提供 emit、beginFunction、endFunction 等接口。
      */
     private final VMProgramBuilder out;
 
     /**
-     * 当前处理的函数名，用于部分指令生成逻辑（如主函数判断等）。
+     * 当前正在处理的函数名。
+     * 用于区分是否为 main 函数等用途。
      */
     private String currentFn;
 
     /**
-     * 构造方法
+     * 构造 VMCodeGenerator。
      *
-     * @param slotMap    虚拟寄存器到槽号的映射
-     * @param out        虚拟机程序构建器
-     * @param generators 各类 IR 指令生成器集合，需预先构建
+     * @param slotMap    虚拟寄存器到 VM 局部槽位的分配表
+     * @param out        输出 VM 程序的 builder
+     * @param generators 可用的 IR 指令生成器列表，每个类型只应有一个
      */
     public VMCodeGenerator(Map<IRVirtualRegister, Integer> slotMap,
                            VMProgramBuilder out,
                            List<InstructionGenerator<? extends IRInstruction>> generators) {
         this.slotMap = slotMap;
         this.out = out;
-        // 按类型注册各 IR 指令生成器，建立不可变类型-生成器映射表
+        // 构建不可变的类型到生成器的注册表
         this.registry = generators.stream()
                 .collect(Collectors.toUnmodifiableMap(InstructionGenerator::supportedClass, g -> g));
     }
 
     /**
-     * 为一个 IR 函数生成虚拟机指令
+     * 将 IRFunction 生成对应 VM 代码，并写入输出。
      *
-     * @param fn 待生成的 IR 函数对象
-     * @throws IllegalStateException 若遇到不支持的 IR 指令类型
+     * <ol>
+     *   <li>调用 {@code out.beginFunction} 标记函数起始。</li>
+     *   <li>遍历函数体的每条 IR 指令，查找对应 InstructionGenerator 并生成目标代码。</li>
+     *   <li>对 main/main.xxx 函数追加 HALT 指令，其它函数追加 RET。</li>
+     *   <li>调用 {@code out.endFunction} 结束函数。</li>
+     * </ol>
+     *
+     * @param fn 需要生成 VM 代码的 IRFunction
+     * @throws IllegalStateException 如果遇到不支持的 IR 指令类型
      */
     public void generate(IRFunction fn) {
         this.currentFn = fn.name();
-
-        /* 登记函数入口地址 —— 解决 CALL 未解析符号问题 */
         out.beginFunction(currentFn);
-
-        /* 逐条分发 IR 指令给对应的生成器 */
         for (IRInstruction ins : fn.body()) {
             @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+            // 查找合适的指令生成器
             InstructionGenerator<IRInstruction> gen =
                     (InstructionGenerator<IRInstruction>) registry.get(ins.getClass());
             if (gen == null) {
                 throw new IllegalStateException("Unsupported IR: " + ins);
             }
+            // 调用生成器生成对应的 VM 指令
             gen.generate(ins, out, slotMap, currentFn);
         }
-
-        /* 强制补上函数结尾的返回/终止指令 */
-        String retOpcode = "main".equals(currentFn) ? "HALT" : "RET";
+        // 结尾指令：main 函数统一用 HALT，其他函数用 RET
+        String retOpcode = ("main".equals(currentFn) || currentFn.endsWith(".main")) ? "HALT" : "RET";
         out.emit(OpHelper.opcode(retOpcode));
-
-        /* 结束函数 */
         out.endFunction();
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/backend/builder/VMProgramBuilder.java b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/backend/builder/VMProgramBuilder.java
index 7ded37b..fab891c 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/backend/builder/VMProgramBuilder.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/backend/builder/VMProgramBuilder.java
@@ -1,109 +1,109 @@
 package org.jcnc.snow.compiler.backend.builder;
 
 import org.jcnc.snow.vm.engine.VMOpCode;
-
 import java.util.*;
 
 /**
- * VMProgramBuilder: 构建线性 VM 程序（即按顺序存放所有 VM 指令）。
+ * VMProgramBuilder 用于构建虚拟机(VM)的最终指令列表。
  * <p>
- * 本类用于编译器后端，将所有生成的 VM 指令（包括分支和调用指令）统一存储、管理。
- * 支持符号（如函数入口、标签地址）的延迟解析与回填（fix-up）机制，
- * 可在目标尚未定义时提前生成分支或调用指令，定义后自动修正。
- * </p>
- * <p>
- * 常用于处理跨函数、跨标签的 CALL/JUMP 等复杂控制流，确保最终生成的 VM 指令地址一致正确。
- * </p>
+ * 主要职责：
+ * <ul>
+ *     <li>维护代码指令序列和符号地址表</li>
+ *     <li>支持跨函数、标签跳转的延后修补(Call/Branch Fixup)</li>
+ *     <li>支持虚拟机本地槽位类型的管理(如 I/F...)</li>
+ * </ul>
  */
 public final class VMProgramBuilder {
-    /** 未解析目标的 CALL 指令信息（待修补） */
+
+    /**
+     * 未知目标的 CALL 指令修补记录(待目标地址确定后修正)。
+     * @param index CALL 指令在 code 列表中的位置
+     * @param target 目标函数的全名
+     * @param nArgs 参数个数
+     */
     private record CallFix(int index, String target, int nArgs) {}
 
-    /** 未解析目标的分支指令（JUMP/IC_* 等待修补） */
+    /**
+     * 未知目标的分支指令修补记录(待目标标签确定后修正)。
+     * @param index 分支指令在 code 列表中的位置
+     * @param label 跳转目标标签名
+     */
     private record BranchFix(int index, String label) {}
 
-    /** 占位符: 用于表示尚未确定的符号地址 */
+    /** 未解析地址的占位符，便于后期批量修补 */
     private static final String PLACEHOLDER = "-1";
 
-    /** 按顺序存放的 VM 指令文本 */
+    /** VM 指令列表 */
     private final List<String> code = new ArrayList<>();
-
-    // 虚拟机槽位编号到数据类型前缀的映射（如 0 -> 'I', 1 -> 'D' 等）
+    /** 槽位(寄存器)类型映射表(如 I/F...，用于类型检查或代码生成优化) */
     private final Map<Integer, Character> slotType = new HashMap<>();
-
-    /** 符号（如函数名、标签名）到其首地址（即指令序号/偏移量）的映射表
-     *  主要用于跳转和调用，定位具体的代码位置 */
+    /** 符号(函数名/标签)到指令序号的映射表 */
     private final Map<String, Integer> addr = new HashMap<>();
-
-    /** 所有待回填（fix-up）的 CALL 调用指令记录
-     *  由于被调用目标地址在编译时可能尚未确定，需要先记录，最终统一回填 */
+    /** 所有待修补的 CALL 指令集合 */
     private final List<CallFix> callFixes = new ArrayList<>();
-
-    /** 所有待回填（fix-up）的分支跳转指令记录
-     *  与 CALL 类似，分支指令的目标地址也可能需要编译后期再补充 */
+    /** 所有待修补的分支指令集合 */
     private final List<BranchFix> branchFixes = new ArrayList<>();
-
-    /** 程序计数器（Program Counter），表示下一个生成指令将插入的位置 */
+    /** 当前代码指针(已生成指令的数量/下一个指令的位置) */
     private int pc = 0;
 
     /**
-     * 设置某个槽位对应的数据类型前缀
+     * 设置槽位(局部变量/虚拟寄存器)的类型前缀。
+     *
      * @param slot   槽位编号
-     * @param prefix 类型前缀（如 'I' 表示 int，'D' 表示 double 等）
+     * @param prefix 类型前缀(如 'I', 'F')
      */
     public void setSlotType(int slot, char prefix) {
         slotType.put(slot, prefix);
     }
 
     /**
-     * 获取某个槽位对应的数据类型前缀
-     * 若未指定则返回默认类型 'I'（int）
+     * 获取槽位的类型前缀，默认为 'I'(整数类型)。
+     *
      * @param slot 槽位编号
-     * @return 类型前缀（如 'I', 'D' 等）
+     * @return 类型前缀字符
      */
     public char getSlotType(int slot) {
         return slotType.getOrDefault(slot, 'I');
     }
 
-
     /**
-     * 标记函数入口或标签，并尝试修补所有等候该符号的指令。
-     * @param name 符号名（函数名/标签名）
+     * 标记一个函数或标签的起始位置。
+     * <p>
+     * 1. 记录符号到当前 pc 的映射；
+     * 2. 立即尝试修补之前所有针对该符号的延后调用和分支。
+     *
+     * @param name 函数名或标签名(全限定名)
      */
     public void beginFunction(String name) {
-        addr.put(name, pc);            // 记录当前地址为入口
-        patchCallFixes(name);          // 修补所有待该符号的 CALL
-        patchBranchFixes(name);        // 修补所有待该符号的分支
+        addr.put(name, pc);
+        patchCallFixes(name);
+        patchBranchFixes(name);
     }
 
-    /**
-     * 结束函数（当前实现为空，方便 API 统一）。
-     */
-    public void endFunction() { /* no-op */ }
+    /** 函数结尾的处理(占位，无需特殊处理)。 */
+    public void endFunction() {}
 
     /**
-     * 写入一条 VM 指令或标签。
-     * <ul>
-     *   <li>如果以冒号结尾，视为标签，仅登记其地址，不写入指令流，也不递增 pc。</li>
-     *   <li>否则写入实际指令，并自增 pc。</li>
-     * </ul>
-     * @param line 一行 VM 指令文本或标签名（结尾有冒号）
+     * 添加一条指令或标签到代码列表。
+     *
+     * @param line 指令字符串或标签字符串(若以冒号结尾为标签)
      */
     public void emit(String line) {
-        if (line.endsWith(":")) {                  // 是标签定义行
+        if (line.endsWith(":")) {
+            // 标签定义
             String label = line.substring(0, line.length() - 1);
-            addr.put(label, pc);                   // 记录标签地址
-            patchBranchFixes(label);               // 修补所有以该标签为目标的分支指令
-            return;                                // 标签行不写入 code，不递增 pc
+            addr.put(label, pc);
+            patchBranchFixes(label);
+            return;
         }
-        code.add(line);                            // 普通指令写入 code
+        code.add(line);
         pc++;
     }
 
     /**
-     * 生成 CALL 指令。
-     * 支持延迟修补: 若目标已知，直接写入地址；否则写入占位并登记 fix-up。
-     * @param target 目标函数名
+     * 添加一条 CALL 指令，若目标未定义则延后修补。
+     *
+     * @param target 目标函数全名
      * @param nArgs  参数个数
      */
     public void emitCall(String target, int nArgs) {
@@ -117,10 +117,10 @@ public final class VMProgramBuilder {
     }
 
     /**
-     * 生成分支（JUMP 或 IC_*）指令。
-     * 支持延迟修补机制。
-     * @param opcode 指令名
-     * @param label  目标标签名
+     * 添加一条分支指令(如 JMP/BR/BEQ)，若目标未定义则延后修补。
+     *
+     * @param opcode 指令操作码
+     * @param label  跳转目标标签名
      */
     public void emitBranch(String opcode, String label) {
         Integer a = resolve(label);
@@ -133,13 +133,12 @@ public final class VMProgramBuilder {
     }
 
     /**
-     * 构建最终 VM 代码文本列表。
-     * <ul>
-     *   <li>若存在未解析符号（CALL 或分支），则抛出异常。</li>
-     *   <li>否则返回不可变指令流。</li>
-     * </ul>
-     * @return 完整 VM 指令流
-     * @throws IllegalStateException 若有未修补的符号引用
+     * 完成代码生成，输出最终 VM 指令序列。
+     * <p>
+     * 如果存在未修补的调用或分支，将抛出异常。
+     *
+     * @return 指令序列(不可变)
+     * @throws IllegalStateException 如果存在未修补符号
      */
     public List<String> build() {
         if (!callFixes.isEmpty() || !branchFixes.isEmpty()) {
@@ -151,27 +150,26 @@ public final class VMProgramBuilder {
     }
 
     /**
-     * 解析符号地址。若全限定名找不到则降级尝试简单名。
-     * @param sym 符号名
-     * @return    地址或 null（未定义）
+     * 解析符号地址，仅支持全名精准匹配。
+     *
+     * @param sym 符号全名
+     * @return 地址(指令序号)，未找到返回 null
      */
     private Integer resolve(String sym) {
-        Integer a = addr.get(sym);
-        if (a == null && sym.contains(".")) {
-            a = addr.get(sym.substring(sym.lastIndexOf('.') + 1));
-        }
-        return a;
+        return addr.get(sym);
     }
 
     /**
-     * 修补所有以 name 为目标的 CALL 占位符。
-     * @param name 新定义的函数名
+     * 修补所有等待目标函数 name 的 CALL 指令。
+     * <p>
+     * 只支持全名精确修补，不做模糊查找或短名回退。
+     *
+     * @param name 目标函数全名
      */
     private void patchCallFixes(String name) {
         for (Iterator<CallFix> it = callFixes.iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
             CallFix f = it.next();
-            // 目标函数名完全匹配或后缀匹配（兼容全限定名）
-            if (f.target.equals(name) || f.target.endsWith("." + name)) {
+            if (f.target.equals(name)) {
                 code.set(f.index, VMOpCode.CALL + " " + addr.get(name) + " " + f.nArgs);
                 it.remove();
             }
@@ -179,8 +177,9 @@ public final class VMProgramBuilder {
     }
 
     /**
-     * 修补所有以 label 为目标的分支占位符。
-     * @param label 新定义的标签名
+     * 修补所有等待目标 label 的分支指令。
+     *
+     * @param label 目标标签
      */
     private void patchBranchFixes(String label) {
         for (Iterator<BranchFix> it = branchFixes.iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/ir/builder/ExpressionBuilder.java b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/ir/builder/ExpressionBuilder.java
index 58eccfc..eab2d75 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/ir/builder/ExpressionBuilder.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/ir/builder/ExpressionBuilder.java
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ public record ExpressionBuilder(IRContext ctx) {
     }
 
     /**
-     * 构建函数或方法调用表达式。
+     * 构建函数或方法调用表达式。模块内未限定调用会自动补全当前模块名。
      *
      * @param call AST 调用表达式节点
      * @return 存储调用结果的虚拟寄存器
@@ -171,8 +171,18 @@ public record ExpressionBuilder(IRContext ctx) {
             // 成员方法调用，例如 obj.foo()
             case MemberExpressionNode m when m.object() instanceof IdentifierNode id
                     -> id.name() + "." + m.member();
-            // 普通函数调用
-            case IdentifierNode id -> id.name();
+            // 普通函数调用，如果未指定模块，自动补全当前模块名
+            case IdentifierNode id -> {
+                String current = ctx.getFunction().name();
+                int dot = current.lastIndexOf('.');
+                if (dot > 0) {
+                    // 当前处于模块内函数（Module.func），补全为同模块下的全限定名
+                    yield current.substring(0, dot) + "." + id.name();
+                } else {
+                    // 顶层/脚本函数等不含模块前缀，保持原样
+                    yield id.name();
+                }
+            }
             // 其它情况暂不支持
             default -> throw new IllegalStateException("不支持的调用目标: " + call.callee().getClass().getSimpleName());
         };
diff --git a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/ir/builder/IRProgramBuilder.java b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/ir/builder/IRProgramBuilder.java
index dbde250..28e89c2 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/ir/builder/IRProgramBuilder.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/ir/builder/IRProgramBuilder.java
@@ -12,21 +12,19 @@ import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
 
 /**
- * 本类负责将解析生成的 AST 根节点列表转换为可执行的 IRProgram。
- *
- * <p>主要职责:
+ * IRProgramBuilder 负责将 AST 根节点(如模块、函数、顶层语句)转换为可执行的 IRProgram 实例。
+ * <p>
+ * 主要职责:
  * <ul>
- *   <li>遍历输入的顶层节点，识别 ModuleNode、FunctionNode 及脚本式顶层 StatementNode；</li>
- *   <li>对 ModuleNode 中的所有函数节点调用 FunctionBuilder 构建 IRFunction 并添加至 IRProgram；</li>
- *   <li>对单独的 FunctionNode 节点直接构建并纳入 IRProgram；</li>
- *   <li>对顶层脚本式 StatementNode 自动封装为名称固定的“_start”函数，再行构建并纳入 IRProgram；</li>
- *   <li>对不支持的节点类型抛出 IllegalStateException，以确保编译流程严谨。</li>
+ *   <li>遍历 AST 根节点，根据类型分别处理(模块、函数、顶层语句)。</li>
+ *   <li>对模块内的函数添加全限定名，并在函数体前注入全局变量声明。</li>
+ *   <li>将单独的顶层语句封装为特殊的 "_start" 函数。</li>
  * </ul>
  */
 public final class IRProgramBuilder {
 
     /**
-     * 构建完整的 IRProgram 实例。
+     * 将解析生成的 AST 根节点列表转换为 IRProgram。
      *
      * @param roots 含 ModuleNode、FunctionNode 或 StatementNode 的顶层 AST 根节点列表
      * @return 包含所有转换后 IRFunction 的 IRProgram 对象
@@ -36,17 +34,20 @@ public final class IRProgramBuilder {
         IRProgram irProgram = new IRProgram();
         for (Node node : roots) {
             switch (node) {
-                case ModuleNode moduleNode ->
-                    // 对每个模块，所有函数均自动注入 globals
-                        moduleNode.functions().forEach(f -> irProgram.add(buildFunctionWithGlobals(moduleNode, f)));
+                case ModuleNode moduleNode -> {
+                    // 处理模块节点:遍历其中所有函数，统一用“模块名.函数名”作为全限定名
+                    for (FunctionNode f : moduleNode.functions()) {
+                        irProgram.add(buildFunctionWithGlobals(moduleNode, f));
+                    }
+                }
                 case FunctionNode functionNode ->
-                    // 顶层函数节点: 直接构建并添加
+                    // 处理顶层函数节点:直接构建为 IRFunction 并加入
                         irProgram.add(buildFunction(functionNode));
                 case StatementNode statementNode ->
-                    // 脚本式顶层语句: 封装为“_start”函数后构建并添加
+                    // 处理脚本式顶层语句:封装成 "_start" 函数后构建并添加
                         irProgram.add(buildFunction(wrapTopLevel(statementNode)));
                 default ->
-                    // 严格校验节点类型，遇不支持者立即失败
+                    // 遇到未知类型节点，抛出异常
                         throw new IllegalStateException("Unsupported top-level node: " + node);
             }
         }
@@ -54,21 +55,27 @@ public final class IRProgramBuilder {
     }
 
     /**
-     * 构建带有模块全局声明“注入”的函数。
-     * 为了在当前 IR 设计下能访问全局变量，将模块的 globals 作为前置声明
-     * 追加到函数体最前面，使其在函数内被注册到 IR 作用域中。
+     * 构建带有模块全局声明“注入”的函数，并将函数名加上模块前缀，保证模块内函数名唯一。
+     * <p>
+     * 如果模块有全局声明，则这些声明会被插入到函数体前部。
+     *
+     * @param moduleNode   当前模块节点
+     * @param functionNode 模块中的函数节点
+     * @return 包含全局声明、已加前缀函数名的 IRFunction
      */
     private IRFunction buildFunctionWithGlobals(ModuleNode moduleNode, FunctionNode functionNode) {
+        // 拼接模块名和函数名，生成全限定名
+        String qualifiedName = moduleNode.name() + "." + functionNode.name();
+        // 若无全局声明，仅重命名后直接构建
         if (moduleNode.globals() == null || moduleNode.globals().isEmpty()) {
-            return buildFunction(functionNode);
+            return buildFunction(renameFunction(functionNode, qualifiedName));
         }
-        // 重建函数体：先放 globals 的声明，再放原来的语句
+        // 若有全局声明，插入到函数体最前面
         List<StatementNode> newBody = new ArrayList<>(moduleNode.globals().size() + functionNode.body().size());
         newBody.addAll(moduleNode.globals());
         newBody.addAll(functionNode.body());
-
         FunctionNode wrapped = new FunctionNode(
-                functionNode.name(),
+                qualifiedName,
                 functionNode.parameters(),
                 functionNode.returnType(),
                 newBody,
@@ -78,28 +85,39 @@ public final class IRProgramBuilder {
     }
 
     /**
-     * 利用 FunctionBuilder 将 FunctionNode 转换为 IRFunction。
+     * 生成一个重命名的 FunctionNode(只修改函数名，其他属性保持不变)。
      *
-     * @param functionNode 待构建的 AST FunctionNode
-     * @return 构建完成的 IRFunction 实例
+     * @param fn      原始函数节点
+     * @param newName 新的函数名(通常为全限定名)
+     * @return 重命名后的 FunctionNode
+     */
+    private FunctionNode renameFunction(FunctionNode fn, String newName) {
+        return new FunctionNode(
+                newName,
+                fn.parameters(),
+                fn.returnType(),
+                fn.body(),
+                fn.context()
+        );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 构建 IRFunction。
+     *
+     * @param functionNode 要转换的函数节点
+     * @return 转换结果 IRFunction
      */
     private IRFunction buildFunction(FunctionNode functionNode) {
         return new FunctionBuilder().build(functionNode);
     }
 
     /**
-     * 将单个脚本式顶层 StatementNode 封装为名称固定的“_start”函数节点。
+     * 将顶层语句节点封装成特殊的 "_start" 函数。
+     * <p>
+     * 这对于脚本式文件支持至关重要(即文件最外层直接写语句)。
      *
-     * <p>封装规则:
-     * <ul>
-     *   <li>函数名固定为“_start”；</li>
-     *   <li>返回类型设为 null，由后续流程处理；</li>
-     *   <li>参数列表为空；</li>
-     *   <li>函数主体仅包含传入的单条语句。</li>
-     * </ul>
-     *
-     * @param stmt 待封装的顶层脚本语句节点
-     * @return 生成的 FunctionNode，用于后续 IRFunction 构建
+     * @param stmt 要封装的顶层语句
+     * @return 包装成 FunctionNode 的 "_start" 函数
      */
     private FunctionNode wrapTopLevel(StatementNode stmt) {
         return new FunctionNode(

From 2c3c4089f8aded9e1f66143910a8f05b1c222140 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Luke <luke.k.xu@hotmail.com>
Date: Thu, 31 Jul 2025 12:43:48 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 32/42] =?UTF-8?q?test:=20=E4=BF=AE=E6=94=B9=20Demo17=20?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=E4=B8=AD=E7=9A=84=E6=89=93=E5=8D=B0=E5=87=BD=E6=95=B0?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 playground/Demo/Demo17/Main.snow | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/playground/Demo/Demo17/Main.snow b/playground/Demo/Demo17/Main.snow
index 6171781..8c15d75 100644
--- a/playground/Demo/Demo17/Main.snow
+++ b/playground/Demo/Demo17/Main.snow
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ module: Main
                     i = i + 1
                 body:
                     if i % 2 == 0 then
-                        print(i)
+                        os.print(i)
                         break
                     end if
                 end body

From be8e57ef607a584708326e670878ca3852fe277a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Luke <luke.k.xu@hotmail.com>
Date: Thu, 31 Jul 2025 12:43:55 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 33/42] =?UTF-8?q?test:=20=E4=BF=AE=E6=94=B9=20Demo16=20?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=E4=B8=AD=E7=9A=84=E6=89=93=E5=8D=B0=E5=87=BD=E6=95=B0?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 playground/Demo/Demo16/Main.snow | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/playground/Demo/Demo16/Main.snow b/playground/Demo/Demo16/Main.snow
index 0211f2d..4aa7b8d 100644
--- a/playground/Demo/Demo16/Main.snow
+++ b/playground/Demo/Demo16/Main.snow
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ module: Main
                     i = i + 1
                 body:
                     if i % 2 == 0 then
-                        print(i)
+                        os.print(i)
                     end if
                 end body
             end loop

From 8e26b57cde3f23ed51f8ac4ef0071da2c9b5d031 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Luke <luke.k.xu@hotmail.com>
Date: Thu, 31 Jul 2025 12:44:01 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 34/42] =?UTF-8?q?test:=20=E4=BF=AE=E6=94=B9=20Demo15=20?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=E4=B8=AD=E7=9A=84=E6=89=93=E5=8D=B0=E5=87=BD=E6=95=B0?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 playground/Demo/Demo15/Main.snow | 11 +++++++++--
 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/playground/Demo/Demo15/Main.snow b/playground/Demo/Demo15/Main.snow
index df8dc63..65533fe 100644
--- a/playground/Demo/Demo15/Main.snow
+++ b/playground/Demo/Demo15/Main.snow
@@ -1,13 +1,20 @@
 module: Main
     import: os
     globals:
-        declare num1:int=10
         declare num2:int=10
     function: main
         return_type: void
         body:
             declare num1:int=11
-            print(num1+num2)
+            os.print(num1+num2+abc())
         end body
     end function
+
+    function: abc
+        return_type: int
+        body:
+            return 1
+        end body
+    end function
+
 end module
\ No newline at end of file

From 156f2b76c40a3b805edb5843bd9ad8e177b3becf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Luke <luke.k.xu@hotmail.com>
Date: Thu, 31 Jul 2025 12:44:05 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 35/42] =?UTF-8?q?test:=20=E4=BF=AE=E6=94=B9=20Demo14=20?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=E4=B8=AD=E7=9A=84=E6=89=93=E5=8D=B0=E5=87=BD=E6=95=B0?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 playground/Demo/Demo14/Main.snow | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/playground/Demo/Demo14/Main.snow b/playground/Demo/Demo14/Main.snow
index 7ef2b05..7bb005a 100644
--- a/playground/Demo/Demo14/Main.snow
+++ b/playground/Demo/Demo14/Main.snow
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ module: Main
     function: main
         return_type: void
         body:
-            print(222)
+            os.print(222)
         end body
     end function
 end module
\ No newline at end of file

From 1d73fc298e49d92760074da70b050dcbd3fda3f7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Luke <luke.k.xu@hotmail.com>
Date: Thu, 31 Jul 2025 12:44:33 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 36/42] =?UTF-8?q?test:=20=E6=B7=BB=E5=8A=A0=20Bug4=20?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=E6=B5=8B=E8=AF=95=E7=94=A8=E4=BE=8B?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 playground/BugFarm/Bug4/Main.snow | 9 +++++++++
 playground/BugFarm/Bug4/a.snow    | 8 ++++++++
 playground/BugFarm/Bug4/b.snow    | 9 +++++++++
 3 files changed, 26 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 playground/BugFarm/Bug4/Main.snow
 create mode 100644 playground/BugFarm/Bug4/a.snow
 create mode 100644 playground/BugFarm/Bug4/b.snow

diff --git a/playground/BugFarm/Bug4/Main.snow b/playground/BugFarm/Bug4/Main.snow
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0efa4b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/playground/BugFarm/Bug4/Main.snow
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+module: Main
+    import: ModuleB
+    function: main
+        return_type: int
+        body:
+            return ModuleB.fun()
+        end body
+    end function
+end module
diff --git a/playground/BugFarm/Bug4/a.snow b/playground/BugFarm/Bug4/a.snow
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d717032
--- /dev/null
+++ b/playground/BugFarm/Bug4/a.snow
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+module: ModuleA
+    function: fun
+        return_type: int
+        body:
+            return 123
+        end body
+    end function
+end module
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/playground/BugFarm/Bug4/b.snow b/playground/BugFarm/Bug4/b.snow
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4db51a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/playground/BugFarm/Bug4/b.snow
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+module: ModuleB
+    import: ModuleA
+    function: fun
+        return_type: int
+        body:
+            return ModuleA.fun() + ModuleA.fun()
+        end body
+    end function
+end module
\ No newline at end of file

From 1cb5951e6893ebfb0a7cdccce6cfc523d39c9105 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Luke <luke.k.xu@hotmail.com>
Date: Thu, 31 Jul 2025 12:45:49 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 37/42] =?UTF-8?q?chore:=20=E6=B7=BB=E5=8A=A0=20Bug4=20?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=E8=BF=90=E8=A1=8C=E9=85=8D=E7=BD=AE?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 .run/Bug4.run.xml | 11 +++++++++++
 1 file changed, 11 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 .run/Bug4.run.xml

diff --git a/.run/Bug4.run.xml b/.run/Bug4.run.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d10e3f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.run/Bug4.run.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<component name="ProjectRunConfigurationManager">
+  <configuration default="false" name="Bug4" type="Application" factoryName="Application" folderName="BugFarm">
+    <option name="ALTERNATIVE_JRE_PATH" value="graalvm-ce-23" />
+    <option name="MAIN_CLASS_NAME" value="org.jcnc.snow.cli.SnowCLI" />
+    <module name="Snow" />
+    <option name="PROGRAM_PARAMETERS" value="compile run -d playground/BugFarm/Bug4 -o target/Bug4 --debug" />
+    <method v="2">
+      <option name="Make" enabled="true" />
+    </method>
+  </configuration>
+</component>
\ No newline at end of file

From 466b6ca2bec63c90798b878c7700237759e5223a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Luke <luke.k.xu@hotmail.com>
Date: Thu, 31 Jul 2025 12:48:10 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 38/42] =?UTF-8?q?refactor:=20=E7=A7=BB=E9=99=A4=20VMCodeGe?=
 =?UTF-8?q?nerator=20=E4=B8=AD=E7=9A=84=E5=86=97=E4=BD=99=E5=AD=97?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=E6=AE=B5?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

- 删除了 VMCodeGenerator 类中不再使用的 currentFn 字段- 将 currentFn 作为局部变量在 generate 方法中使用
- 这个改动简化了类的结构，减少了冗余代码
---
 .../snow/compiler/backend/builder/VMCodeGenerator.java    | 8 +-------
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/backend/builder/VMCodeGenerator.java b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/backend/builder/VMCodeGenerator.java
index 98c490d..e764e41 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/backend/builder/VMCodeGenerator.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/compiler/backend/builder/VMCodeGenerator.java
@@ -35,12 +35,6 @@ public final class VMCodeGenerator {
      */
     private final VMProgramBuilder out;
 
-    /**
-     * 当前正在处理的函数名。
-     * 用于区分是否为 main 函数等用途。
-     */
-    private String currentFn;
-
     /**
      * 构造 VMCodeGenerator。
      *
@@ -72,7 +66,7 @@ public final class VMCodeGenerator {
      * @throws IllegalStateException 如果遇到不支持的 IR 指令类型
      */
     public void generate(IRFunction fn) {
-        this.currentFn = fn.name();
+        String currentFn = fn.name();
         out.beginFunction(currentFn);
         for (IRInstruction ins : fn.body()) {
             @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")

From b7e9c8121ec025222196bd805d1356c011abc1b1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Luke <luke.k.xu@hotmail.com>
Date: Thu, 31 Jul 2025 14:11:09 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 39/42] =?UTF-8?q?refactor:=20=E9=87=8D=E6=9E=84=20RetComma?=
 =?UTF-8?q?nd=20=E5=B9=B6=E6=B7=BB=E5=8A=A0=E6=97=A5=E5=BF=97=E8=AE=B0?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=E5=BD=95?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

- 更新导入语句，明确导入模块
- 使用 LoggingUtils 替代 System.out.println 输出日志
- 添加换行符改善日志可读性
---
 .../jcnc/snow/vm/commands/flow/control/RetCommand.java    | 8 ++++++--
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/vm/commands/flow/control/RetCommand.java b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/vm/commands/flow/control/RetCommand.java
index c31ec96..90cd8ae 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/vm/commands/flow/control/RetCommand.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/jcnc/snow/vm/commands/flow/control/RetCommand.java
@@ -1,7 +1,11 @@
 package org.jcnc.snow.vm.commands.flow.control;
 
 import org.jcnc.snow.vm.interfaces.Command;
-import org.jcnc.snow.vm.module.*;
+import org.jcnc.snow.vm.module.CallStack;
+import org.jcnc.snow.vm.module.LocalVariableStore;
+import org.jcnc.snow.vm.module.OperandStack;
+import org.jcnc.snow.vm.module.StackFrame;
+import org.jcnc.snow.vm.utils.LoggingUtils;
 
 import static org.jcnc.snow.common.SnowConfig.print;
 
@@ -37,7 +41,7 @@ public class RetCommand implements Command {
 
         /* ----- Root frame: do NOT pop, just end program ----- */
         if (topFrame.getReturnAddress() == PROGRAM_END) {
-            System.out.println("Return <root>");
+            LoggingUtils.logInfo("", "\nReturn <root>");
             return PROGRAM_END;          // VM main loop should break
         }
 

From e1a7f3310cc84555260ba4e4d68e8e92f87d5590 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Luke <luke.k.xu@hotmail.com>
Date: Thu, 31 Jul 2025 14:17:28 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 40/42] =?UTF-8?q?test:=20=E6=B7=BB=E5=8A=A0=20Bug5=20?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=E6=A8=A1=E5=9D=97=E8=BF=9B=E8=A1=8C=E6=93=8D=E4=BD=9C=E7=B3=BB?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=E7=BB=9F=E4=BA=A4=E4=BA=92=E6=B5=8B=E8=AF=95?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 playground/BugFarm/Bug5/Main.snow | 16 ++++++++++++++++
 playground/BugFarm/Bug5/OS.snow   | 11 +++++++++++
 2 files changed, 27 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 playground/BugFarm/Bug5/Main.snow
 create mode 100644 playground/BugFarm/Bug5/OS.snow

diff --git a/playground/BugFarm/Bug5/Main.snow b/playground/BugFarm/Bug5/Main.snow
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..89c6c84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/playground/BugFarm/Bug5/Main.snow
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+module: Main
+    import: os
+    globals:
+        declare sum: int = 0
+    function: main
+        parameter:
+        return_type: int
+        body:
+            sum = 20
+
+            os.print(sum)
+
+            return 0
+        end body
+    end function
+end module
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/playground/BugFarm/Bug5/OS.snow b/playground/BugFarm/Bug5/OS.snow
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6026d43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/playground/BugFarm/Bug5/OS.snow
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+module: os
+    import: os
+    function: print
+        parameter:
+            declare i1: int
+        return_type: void
+        body:
+            syscall("PRINT",i1)
+        end body
+    end function
+end module
\ No newline at end of file

From d77368bb13fdd195a6ad72b90b4d123f86803ea0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Luke <luke.k.xu@hotmail.com>
Date: Thu, 31 Jul 2025 14:17:46 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 41/42] =?UTF-8?q?chore:=20=E6=B7=BB=E5=8A=A0=20Bug5=20?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=E8=BF=90=E8=A1=8C=E9=85=8D=E7=BD=AE=E6=96=87=E4=BB=B6?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 .run/Bug5.run.xml | 11 +++++++++++
 1 file changed, 11 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 .run/Bug5.run.xml

diff --git a/.run/Bug5.run.xml b/.run/Bug5.run.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..054f0b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.run/Bug5.run.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<component name="ProjectRunConfigurationManager">
+  <configuration default="false" name="Bug5" type="Application" factoryName="Application" folderName="BugFarm">
+    <option name="ALTERNATIVE_JRE_PATH" value="graalvm-ce-23" />
+    <option name="MAIN_CLASS_NAME" value="org.jcnc.snow.cli.SnowCLI" />
+    <module name="Snow" />
+    <option name="PROGRAM_PARAMETERS" value="compile run -d playground/BugFarm/Bug5 -o target/Bug5 " />
+    <method v="2">
+      <option name="Make" enabled="true" />
+    </method>
+  </configuration>
+</component>
\ No newline at end of file

From ad11efe974e41221c4f916cf4a46bf0d5bdd842e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Luke <luke.k.xu@hotmail.com>
Date: Thu, 31 Jul 2025 17:29:11 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 42/42] =?UTF-8?q?chore:=20=E6=9B=B4=E6=96=B0=E9=A1=B9?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=E7=9B=AE=E7=89=88=E6=9C=AC=E8=87=B3=20v0.6.0?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 .gitee/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug.yml | 2 +-
 README.md                     | 4 ++--
 pom.xml                       | 2 +-
 3 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.gitee/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug.yml b/.gitee/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug.yml
index 8f2368e..f7f9965 100644
--- a/.gitee/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug.yml
+++ b/.gitee/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug.yml
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ body:
     attributes:
       label: 软件版本/分支
       options:
-        - v0.5.0
+        - v0.6.0
         - main
         - dev
         - 其他
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 1e47407..d2fd83b 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@
     <a href="https://gitee.com/jcnc-org/snow/blob/main/LICENSE">
         <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/%20license-Apache--2.0%20-blue" alt="">
     </a>
-    <a href="https://gitee.com/jcnc-org/snow/tree/v0.5.0/">
-        <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/version-v0.5.0-blue" alt="">
+    <a href="https://gitee.com/jcnc-org/snow/tree/v0.6.0/">
+        <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/version-v0.6.0-blue" alt="">
     </a>
 </p>
 
diff --git a/pom.xml b/pom.xml
index ec86d77..8846ae1 100644
--- a/pom.xml
+++ b/pom.xml
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
     <groupId>org.jcnc.snow</groupId>
     <artifactId>Snow</artifactId>
-    <version>0.5.0</version>
+    <version>0.6.0</version>
 
     <properties>
         <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>