feat(state): 添加异步状态管理基础功能

- 新增 IAsyncState 接口定义异步状态行为和转换规则
- 实现 AsyncContextAwareStateBase 基类提供上下文感知异步状态功能
- 添加异步状态进入、退出和转换判断的核心方法
- 集成架构上下文访问能力支持状态管理
- 实现资源销毁和清理机制

GFramework.Core.Abstractions/state/IAsyncState.cs

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+// Copyright (c) 2026 GeWuYou
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+// 
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+// 
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+namespace GFramework.Core.Abstractions.state;
+
+/// <summary>
+///     异步状态机状态接口，定义了状态的异步行为和转换规则
+/// </summary>
+public interface IAsyncState
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     当状态被激活进入时异步调用
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="from">从哪个状态转换而来，可能为null表示初始状态</param>
+    Task OnEnterAsync(IState? from);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     当状态退出时异步调用
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="to">将要转换到的目标状态，可能为null表示结束状态</param>
+    Task OnExitAsync(IState? to);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     异步判断当前状态是否可以转换到目标状态
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="target">目标状态</param>
+    /// <returns>如果可以转换则返回true，否则返回false</returns>
+    Task<bool> CanTransitionToAsync(IState target);
+}

GFramework.Core/state/AsyncContextAwareStateBase.cs

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+// Copyright (c) 2026 GeWuYou
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+// 
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+// 
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+using GFramework.Core.Abstractions.architecture;
+using GFramework.Core.Abstractions.rule;
+using GFramework.Core.Abstractions.state;
+using IDisposable = GFramework.Core.Abstractions.lifecycle.IDisposable;
+
+namespace GFramework.Core.state;
+
+/// <summary>
+///     上下文感知异步状态基类
+///     提供基础的异步状态管理功能和架构上下文访问能力
+///     实现了IAsyncState和IContextAware接口
+/// </summary>
+public class AsyncContextAwareStateBase : IAsyncState, IContextAware, IDisposable
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     架构上下文引用，用于访问架构相关的服务和数据
+    /// </summary>
+    private IArchitectureContext? _context;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     异步进入状态时调用的方法
+    ///     子类可重写此方法以实现特定的异步状态进入逻辑（如加载资源、初始化数据等）
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="from">从哪个状态转换而来，可能为null表示初始状态</param>
+    public virtual Task OnEnterAsync(IState? from)
+    {
+        return Task.CompletedTask;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     异步退出状态时调用的方法
+    ///     子类可重写此方法以实现特定的异步状态退出逻辑（如保存数据、清理资源等）
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="to">将要转换到的目标状态，可能为null表示结束状态</param>
+    public virtual Task OnExitAsync(IState? to)
+    {
+        return Task.CompletedTask;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     异步判断当前状态是否可以转换到目标状态
+    ///     子类可重写此方法以实现自定义的异步状态转换规则（如验证条件、检查权限等）
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="target">希望转换到的目标状态对象</param>
+    /// <returns>如果允许转换则返回true，否则返回false</returns>
+    public virtual Task<bool> CanTransitionToAsync(IState target)
+    {
+        return Task.FromResult(true);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     设置架构上下文
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="context">架构上下文实例</param>
+    public void SetContext(IArchitectureContext context)
+    {
+        _context = context;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     获取架构上下文
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>架构上下文实例</returns>
+    public IArchitectureContext GetContext()
+    {
+        return _context!;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     销毁当前状态，释放相关资源
+    ///     子类可重写此方法以执行特定的清理操作
+    /// </summary>
+    public virtual void Destroy()
+    {
+    }
+}