diff --git a/GFramework.Core.Abstractions/configuration/IConfigurationManager.cs b/GFramework.Core.Abstractions/configuration/IConfigurationManager.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d75fff5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/GFramework.Core.Abstractions/configuration/IConfigurationManager.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+using GFramework.Core.Abstractions.events;
+using GFramework.Core.Abstractions.utility;
+
+namespace GFramework.Core.Abstractions.configuration;
+
+/// <summary>
+///     配置管理器接口，提供类型安全的配置存储和访问
+///     线程安全：所有方法都是线程安全的
+/// </summary>
+public interface IConfigurationManager : IUtility
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     获取配置数量
+    /// </summary>
+    int Count { get; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     获取指定键的配置值
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <typeparam name="T">配置值类型</typeparam>
+    /// <param name="key">配置键</param>
+    /// <returns>配置值，如果不存在则返回类型默认值</returns>
+    T? GetConfig<T>(string key);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     获取指定键的配置值，如果不存在则返回默认值
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <typeparam name="T">配置值类型</typeparam>
+    /// <param name="key">配置键</param>
+    /// <param name="defaultValue">默认值</param>
+    /// <returns>配置值或默认值</returns>
+    T GetConfig<T>(string key, T defaultValue);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     设置指定键的配置值
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <typeparam name="T">配置值类型</typeparam>
+    /// <param name="key">配置键</param>
+    /// <param name="value">配置值</param>
+    void SetConfig<T>(string key, T value);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     检查指定键的配置是否存在
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="key">配置键</param>
+    /// <returns>如果存在返回 true，否则返回 false</returns>
+    bool HasConfig(string key);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     移除指定键的配置
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="key">配置键</param>
+    /// <returns>如果成功移除返回 true，否则返回 false</returns>
+    bool RemoveConfig(string key);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     清空所有配置
+    /// </summary>
+    void Clear();
+
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     监听指定键的配置变化
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <typeparam name="T">配置值类型</typeparam>
+    /// <param name="key">配置键</param>
+    /// <param name="onChange">配置变化时的回调，参数为新值</param>
+    /// <returns>取消注册接口</returns>
+    IUnRegister WatchConfig<T>(string key, Action<T> onChange);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     从 JSON 字符串加载配置
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="json">JSON 字符串</param>
+    void LoadFromJson(string json);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     将配置保存为 JSON 字符串
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>JSON 字符串</returns>
+    string SaveToJson();
+
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     从文件加载配置
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="path">文件路径</param>
+    void LoadFromFile(string path);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     将配置保存到文件
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="path">文件路径</param>
+    void SaveToFile(string path);
+
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     获取所有配置键
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>配置键集合</returns>
+    IEnumerable<string> GetAllKeys();
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/GFramework.Core.Tests/configuration/ConfigurationManagerTests.cs b/GFramework.Core.Tests/configuration/ConfigurationManagerTests.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..45a38dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/GFramework.Core.Tests/configuration/ConfigurationManagerTests.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,377 @@
+using System.IO;
+using GFramework.Core.configuration;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+
+namespace GFramework.Core.Tests.configuration;
+
+/// <summary>
+///     ConfigurationManager 功能测试类
+/// </summary>
+[TestFixture]
+public class ConfigurationManagerTests
+{
+    [SetUp]
+    public void SetUp()
+    {
+        _configManager = new ConfigurationManager();
+    }
+
+    [TearDown]
+    public void TearDown()
+    {
+        _configManager.Clear();
+    }
+
+    private ConfigurationManager _configManager = null!;
+
+    [Test]
+    public void SetConfig_And_GetConfig_Should_Work()
+    {
+        _configManager.SetConfig("test.key", 42);
+
+        var value = _configManager.GetConfig<int>("test.key");
+
+        Assert.That(value, Is.EqualTo(42));
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public void GetConfig_With_DefaultValue_Should_Return_DefaultValue_When_Key_Not_Exists()
+    {
+        var value = _configManager.GetConfig("nonexistent.key", 100);
+
+        Assert.That(value, Is.EqualTo(100));
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public void GetConfig_Should_Return_Default_When_Key_Not_Exists()
+    {
+        var value = _configManager.GetConfig<int>("nonexistent.key");
+
+        Assert.That(value, Is.EqualTo(0));
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public void HasConfig_Should_Return_True_When_Key_Exists()
+    {
+        _configManager.SetConfig("test.key", "value");
+
+        Assert.That(_configManager.HasConfig("test.key"), Is.True);
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public void HasConfig_Should_Return_False_When_Key_Not_Exists()
+    {
+        Assert.That(_configManager.HasConfig("nonexistent.key"), Is.False);
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public void RemoveConfig_Should_Remove_Existing_Key()
+    {
+        _configManager.SetConfig("test.key", "value");
+
+        var removed = _configManager.RemoveConfig("test.key");
+
+        Assert.That(removed, Is.True);
+        Assert.That(_configManager.HasConfig("test.key"), Is.False);
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public void RemoveConfig_Should_Return_False_When_Key_Not_Exists()
+    {
+        var removed = _configManager.RemoveConfig("nonexistent.key");
+
+        Assert.That(removed, Is.False);
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public void Clear_Should_Remove_All_Configs()
+    {
+        _configManager.SetConfig("key1", "value1");
+        _configManager.SetConfig("key2", "value2");
+
+        _configManager.Clear();
+
+        Assert.That(_configManager.Count, Is.EqualTo(0));
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public void Count_Should_Return_Correct_Number()
+    {
+        _configManager.SetConfig("key1", "value1");
+        _configManager.SetConfig("key2", "value2");
+        _configManager.SetConfig("key3", "value3");
+
+        Assert.That(_configManager.Count, Is.EqualTo(3));
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public void GetAllKeys_Should_Return_All_Keys()
+    {
+        _configManager.SetConfig("key1", "value1");
+        _configManager.SetConfig("key2", "value2");
+
+        var keys = _configManager.GetAllKeys().ToList();
+
+        Assert.That(keys, Has.Count.EqualTo(2));
+        Assert.That(keys, Contains.Item("key1"));
+        Assert.That(keys, Contains.Item("key2"));
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public void GetConfig_Should_Support_Different_Types()
+    {
+        _configManager.SetConfig("int.key", 42);
+        _configManager.SetConfig("string.key", "hello");
+        _configManager.SetConfig("bool.key", true);
+        _configManager.SetConfig("double.key", 3.14);
+
+        Assert.That(_configManager.GetConfig<int>("int.key"), Is.EqualTo(42));
+        Assert.That(_configManager.GetConfig<string>("string.key"), Is.EqualTo("hello"));
+        Assert.That(_configManager.GetConfig<bool>("bool.key"), Is.True);
+        Assert.That(_configManager.GetConfig<double>("double.key"), Is.EqualTo(3.14).Within(0.001));
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public void WatchConfig_Should_Trigger_When_Config_Changes()
+    {
+        var callCount = 0;
+        var receivedValue = 0;
+
+        _configManager.WatchConfig<int>("test.key", value =>
+        {
+            callCount++;
+            receivedValue = value;
+        });
+
+        _configManager.SetConfig("test.key", 42);
+
+        Assert.That(callCount, Is.EqualTo(1));
+        Assert.That(receivedValue, Is.EqualTo(42));
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public void WatchConfig_Should_Not_Trigger_When_Value_Not_Changed()
+    {
+        _configManager.SetConfig("test.key", 42);
+
+        var callCount = 0;
+        _configManager.WatchConfig<int>("test.key", _ => callCount++);
+
+        _configManager.SetConfig("test.key", 42);
+
+        Assert.That(callCount, Is.EqualTo(0));
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public void UnRegister_Should_Stop_Watching()
+    {
+        var callCount = 0;
+
+        var unRegister = _configManager.WatchConfig<int>("test.key", _ => callCount++);
+
+        _configManager.SetConfig("test.key", 42);
+        Assert.That(callCount, Is.EqualTo(1));
+
+        unRegister.UnRegister();
+
+        _configManager.SetConfig("test.key", 100);
+        Assert.That(callCount, Is.EqualTo(1));
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public void Multiple_Watchers_Should_All_Be_Triggered()
+    {
+        var count1 = 0;
+        var count2 = 0;
+
+        _configManager.WatchConfig<int>("test.key", _ => count1++);
+        _configManager.WatchConfig<int>("test.key", _ => count2++);
+
+        _configManager.SetConfig("test.key", 42);
+
+        Assert.That(count1, Is.EqualTo(1));
+        Assert.That(count2, Is.EqualTo(1));
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public void SaveToJson_And_LoadFromJson_Should_Work()
+    {
+        _configManager.SetConfig("key1", "value1");
+        _configManager.SetConfig("key2", 42);
+
+        var json = _configManager.SaveToJson();
+
+        var newManager = new ConfigurationManager();
+        newManager.LoadFromJson(json);
+
+        Assert.That(newManager.GetConfig<string>("key1"), Is.EqualTo("value1"));
+        Assert.That(newManager.GetConfig<int>("key2"), Is.EqualTo(42));
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public void SaveToFile_And_LoadFromFile_Should_Work()
+    {
+        var tempFile = Path.GetTempFileName();
+
+        try
+        {
+            _configManager.SetConfig("key1", "value1");
+            _configManager.SetConfig("key2", 42);
+
+            _configManager.SaveToFile(tempFile);
+
+            var newManager = new ConfigurationManager();
+            newManager.LoadFromFile(tempFile);
+
+            Assert.That(newManager.GetConfig<string>("key1"), Is.EqualTo("value1"));
+            Assert.That(newManager.GetConfig<int>("key2"), Is.EqualTo(42));
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            if (File.Exists(tempFile))
+            {
+                File.Delete(tempFile);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public void LoadFromFile_Should_Throw_When_File_Not_Exists()
+    {
+        Assert.Throws<FileNotFoundException>(() => { _configManager.LoadFromFile("nonexistent.json"); });
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public void SetConfig_Should_Throw_When_Key_Is_Null_Or_Empty()
+    {
+        Assert.Throws<ArgumentException>(() => _configManager.SetConfig<string>(null!, "value"));
+        Assert.Throws<ArgumentException>(() => _configManager.SetConfig("", "value"));
+        Assert.Throws<ArgumentException>(() => _configManager.SetConfig("   ", "value"));
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public void GetConfig_Should_Throw_When_Key_Is_Null_Or_Empty()
+    {
+        Assert.Throws<ArgumentException>(() => _configManager.GetConfig<string>(null!));
+        Assert.Throws<ArgumentException>(() => _configManager.GetConfig<string>(""));
+        Assert.Throws<ArgumentException>(() => _configManager.GetConfig<string>("   "));
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public void WatchConfig_Should_Throw_When_Parameters_Invalid()
+    {
+        Assert.Throws<ArgumentException>(() => _configManager.WatchConfig<int>(null!, _ => { }));
+        Assert.Throws<ArgumentNullException>(() => _configManager.WatchConfig<int>("key", null!));
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public void Concurrent_SetConfig_Should_Be_Thread_Safe()
+    {
+        const int threadCount = 10;
+        const int iterationsPerThread = 100;
+        var tasks = new Task[threadCount];
+        var exceptions = new List<Exception>();
+
+        for (var i = 0; i < threadCount; i++)
+        {
+            var threadId = i;
+            tasks[i] = Task.Run(() =>
+            {
+                try
+                {
+                    for (var j = 0; j < iterationsPerThread; j++)
+                    {
+                        _configManager.SetConfig($"key.{threadId}", j);
+                    }
+                }
+                catch (Exception ex)
+                {
+                    lock (exceptions)
+                    {
+                        exceptions.Add(ex);
+                    }
+                }
+            });
+        }
+
+        Task.WaitAll(tasks);
+
+        Assert.That(exceptions, Is.Empty);
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public void Concurrent_GetConfig_And_SetConfig_Should_Be_Thread_Safe()
+    {
+        const int threadCount = 5;
+        var tasks = new Task[threadCount];
+        var exceptions = new List<Exception>();
+
+        for (var i = 0; i < threadCount; i++)
+        {
+            tasks[i] = Task.Run(() =>
+            {
+                try
+                {
+                    for (var j = 0; j < 100; j++)
+                    {
+                        if (j % 2 == 0)
+                        {
+                            _configManager.SetConfig("shared.key", j);
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            _configManager.GetConfig<int>("shared.key");
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                catch (Exception ex)
+                {
+                    lock (exceptions)
+                    {
+                        exceptions.Add(ex);
+                    }
+                }
+            });
+        }
+
+        Task.WaitAll(tasks);
+
+        Assert.That(exceptions, Is.Empty);
+    }
+
+    [Test]
+    public void Concurrent_WatchConfig_Should_Be_Thread_Safe()
+    {
+        const int threadCount = 10;
+        var tasks = new Task[threadCount];
+        var exceptions = new List<Exception>();
+        var callCounts = new int[threadCount];
+
+        for (var i = 0; i < threadCount; i++)
+        {
+            var threadId = i;
+            tasks[i] = Task.Run(() =>
+            {
+                try
+                {
+                    _configManager.WatchConfig<int>("test.key",
+                        _ => { Interlocked.Increment(ref callCounts[threadId]); });
+                }
+                catch (Exception ex)
+                {
+                    lock (exceptions)
+                    {
+                        exceptions.Add(ex);
+                    }
+                }
+            });
+        }
+
+        Task.WaitAll(tasks);
+
+        _configManager.SetConfig("test.key", 42);
+
+        Assert.That(exceptions, Is.Empty);
+        Assert.That(callCounts.Sum(), Is.EqualTo(threadCount));
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/GFramework.Core/configuration/ConfigWatcherUnRegister.cs b/GFramework.Core/configuration/ConfigWatcherUnRegister.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..78b6199
--- /dev/null
+++ b/GFramework.Core/configuration/ConfigWatcherUnRegister.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+using GFramework.Core.Abstractions.events;
+
+namespace GFramework.Core.Abstractions.configuration;
+
+/// <summary>
+///     配置监听取消注册接口
+/// </summary>
+internal sealed class ConfigWatcherUnRegister : IUnRegister
+{
+    private readonly Action _unRegisterAction;
+
+    public ConfigWatcherUnRegister(Action unRegisterAction)
+    {
+        _unRegisterAction = unRegisterAction ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(unRegisterAction));
+    }
+
+    public void UnRegister()
+    {
+        _unRegisterAction();
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/GFramework.Core/configuration/ConfigurationManager.cs b/GFramework.Core/configuration/ConfigurationManager.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3bf749c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/GFramework.Core/configuration/ConfigurationManager.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,324 @@
+using System.Collections.Concurrent;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Text.Json;
+using GFramework.Core.Abstractions.configuration;
+using GFramework.Core.Abstractions.events;
+
+namespace GFramework.Core.configuration;
+
+/// <summary>
+///     配置管理器实现，提供线程安全的配置存储和访问
+///     线程安全：所有公共方法都是线程安全的
+/// </summary>
+public class ConfigurationManager : IConfigurationManager
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     Key 参数验证错误消息常量
+    /// </summary>
+    private const string KeyCannotBeNullOrEmptyMessage = "Key cannot be null or whitespace.";
+
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     Path 参数验证错误消息常量
+    /// </summary>
+    private const string PathCannotBeNullOrEmptyMessage = "Path cannot be null or whitespace.";
+
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     JSON 参数验证错误消息常量
+    /// </summary>
+    private const string JsonCannotBeNullOrEmptyMessage = "JSON cannot be null or whitespace.";
+
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     配置存储字典（线程安全）
+    /// </summary>
+    private readonly ConcurrentDictionary<string, object> _configs = new();
+
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     用于保护监听器列表的锁
+    /// </summary>
+    private readonly object _watcherLock = new();
+
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     配置监听器字典（线程安全）
+    ///     键：配置键，值：监听器列表
+    /// </summary>
+    private readonly ConcurrentDictionary<string, List<Delegate>> _watchers = new();
+
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     获取配置数量
+    /// </summary>
+    public int Count => _configs.Count;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     获取指定键的配置值
+    /// </summary>
+    public T? GetConfig<T>(string key)
+    {
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(key))
+            throw new ArgumentException(KeyCannotBeNullOrEmptyMessage, nameof(key));
+
+        if (_configs.TryGetValue(key, out var value))
+        {
+            return ConvertValue<T>(value);
+        }
+
+        return default;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     获取指定键的配置值，如果不存在则返回默认值
+    /// </summary>
+    public T GetConfig<T>(string key, T defaultValue)
+    {
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(key))
+            throw new ArgumentException(KeyCannotBeNullOrEmptyMessage, nameof(key));
+
+        if (_configs.TryGetValue(key, out var value))
+        {
+            return ConvertValue<T>(value);
+        }
+
+        return defaultValue;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     设置指定键的配置值
+    /// </summary>
+    public void SetConfig<T>(string key, T value)
+    {
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(key))
+            throw new ArgumentException(KeyCannotBeNullOrEmptyMessage, nameof(key));
+
+        var oldValue = _configs.AddOrUpdate(key, value!, (_, _) => value!);
+
+        // 触发监听器
+        if (!EqualityComparer<object>.Default.Equals(oldValue, value))
+        {
+            NotifyWatchers(key, value);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     检查指定键的配置是否存在
+    /// </summary>
+    public bool HasConfig(string key)
+    {
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(key))
+            throw new ArgumentException(KeyCannotBeNullOrEmptyMessage, nameof(key));
+
+        return _configs.ContainsKey(key);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     移除指定键的配置
+    /// </summary>
+    public bool RemoveConfig(string key)
+    {
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(key))
+            throw new ArgumentException(KeyCannotBeNullOrEmptyMessage, nameof(key));
+
+        var removed = _configs.TryRemove(key, out _);
+
+        if (removed)
+        {
+            // 移除该键的所有监听器（使用锁保护）
+            lock (_watcherLock)
+            {
+                _watchers.TryRemove(key, out _);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return removed;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     清空所有配置
+    /// </summary>
+    public void Clear()
+    {
+        _configs.Clear();
+
+        // 清空监听器（使用锁保护）
+        lock (_watcherLock)
+        {
+            _watchers.Clear();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     监听指定键的配置变化
+    /// </summary>
+    public IUnRegister WatchConfig<T>(string key, Action<T> onChange)
+    {
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(key))
+            throw new ArgumentException(KeyCannotBeNullOrEmptyMessage, nameof(key));
+
+        if (onChange == null)
+            throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(onChange));
+
+        lock (_watcherLock)
+        {
+            if (!_watchers.TryGetValue(key, out var watchers))
+            {
+                watchers = new List<Delegate>();
+                _watchers[key] = watchers;
+            }
+
+            watchers.Add(onChange);
+        }
+
+        return new ConfigWatcherUnRegister(() => UnwatchConfig(key, onChange));
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     从 JSON 字符串加载配置
+    /// </summary>
+    public void LoadFromJson(string json)
+    {
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(json))
+            throw new ArgumentException(JsonCannotBeNullOrEmptyMessage, nameof(json));
+
+        var dict = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<Dictionary<string, JsonElement>>(json);
+        if (dict == null)
+            return;
+
+        foreach (var kvp in dict)
+        {
+            _configs[kvp.Key] = kvp.Value;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     将配置保存为 JSON 字符串
+    /// </summary>
+    public string SaveToJson()
+    {
+        var dict = _configs.ToDictionary(kvp => kvp.Key, kvp => kvp.Value);
+        return JsonSerializer.Serialize(dict, new JsonSerializerOptions
+        {
+            WriteIndented = true
+        });
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     从文件加载配置
+    /// </summary>
+    public void LoadFromFile(string path)
+    {
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(path))
+            throw new ArgumentException(PathCannotBeNullOrEmptyMessage, nameof(path));
+
+        if (!File.Exists(path))
+            throw new FileNotFoundException($"Configuration file not found: {path}");
+
+        var json = File.ReadAllText(path);
+        LoadFromJson(json);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     将配置保存到文件
+    /// </summary>
+    public void SaveToFile(string path)
+    {
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(path))
+            throw new ArgumentException(PathCannotBeNullOrEmptyMessage, nameof(path));
+
+        var directory = Path.GetDirectoryName(path);
+        if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(directory) && !Directory.Exists(directory))
+        {
+            Directory.CreateDirectory(directory);
+        }
+
+        var json = SaveToJson();
+        File.WriteAllText(path, json);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     获取所有配置键
+    /// </summary>
+    public IEnumerable<string> GetAllKeys()
+    {
+        return _configs.Keys.ToList();
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     取消监听指定键的配置变化
+    /// </summary>
+    private void UnwatchConfig<T>(string key, Action<T> onChange)
+    {
+        lock (_watcherLock)
+        {
+            if (_watchers.TryGetValue(key, out var watchers))
+            {
+                watchers.Remove(onChange);
+
+                if (watchers.Count == 0)
+                {
+                    _watchers.TryRemove(key, out _);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     通知监听器配置已变化
+    /// </summary>
+    private void NotifyWatchers<T>(string key, T newValue)
+    {
+        List<Delegate>? watchersCopy = null;
+
+        lock (_watcherLock)
+        {
+            if (_watchers.TryGetValue(key, out var watchers))
+            {
+                watchersCopy = new List<Delegate>(watchers);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (watchersCopy == null)
+            return;
+
+        foreach (var watcher in watchersCopy)
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                if (watcher is Action<T> typedWatcher)
+                {
+                    typedWatcher(newValue);
+                }
+            }
+            catch (Exception ex)
+            {
+                // 防止监听器异常影响其他监听器
+                Console.Error.WriteLine(
+                    $"[ConfigurationManager] Error in config watcher for key '{key}': {ex.Message}");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     转换配置值到目标类型
+    /// </summary>
+    private static T ConvertValue<T>(object value)
+    {
+        if (value is T typedValue)
+        {
+            return typedValue;
+        }
+
+        // 处理 JsonElement 类型
+        if (value is JsonElement jsonElement)
+        {
+            return JsonSerializer.Deserialize<T>(jsonElement.GetRawText())!;
+        }
+
+        // 尝试类型转换
+        try
+        {
+            return (T)Convert.ChangeType(value, typeof(T));
+        }
+        catch
+        {
+            return default!;
+        }
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file