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812 lines
21 KiB
Markdown
812 lines
21 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: Godot 完整项目搭建
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description: 从零开始使用 GFramework 构建一个完整的 Godot 游戏项目
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---
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# Godot 完整项目搭建
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## 学习目标
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完成本教程后，你将能够：
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- 在 Godot 项目中集成 GFramework
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- 创建完整的游戏架构
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- 实现场景管理和 UI 系统
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- 使用协程和事件系统
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- 实现游戏存档功能
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- 构建一个可运行的完整游戏
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## 前置条件
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- 已安装 Godot 4.x
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- 已安装 .NET SDK 8.0+
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- 了解 C# 和 Godot 基础
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- 阅读过前面的教程：
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- [使用协程系统](/zh-CN/tutorials/coroutine-tutorial)
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- [实现状态机](/zh-CN/tutorials/state-machine-tutorial)
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- [实现存档系统](/zh-CN/tutorials/save-system)
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## 项目概述
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我们将创建一个简单的 2D 射击游戏，包含以下功能：
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- 主菜单和游戏场景
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- 玩家控制和射击
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- 敌人生成和 AI
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- 分数和生命值系统
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- 游戏存档和加载
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- 暂停菜单
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## 步骤 1：创建 Godot 项目并配置
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首先创建 Godot 项目并添加 GFramework 依赖。
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### 1.1 创建项目
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1. 打开 Godot，创建新项目 "MyShooterGame"
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2. 选择 C# 作为脚本语言
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3. 创建项目后，在项目根目录创建 `.csproj` 文件
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### 1.2 添加 NuGet 包
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编辑 `MyShooterGame.csproj`：
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```xml
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<Project Sdk="Godot.NET.Sdk/4.3.0">
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<PropertyGroup>
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<TargetFramework>net8.0</TargetFramework>
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<EnableDynamicLoading>true</EnableDynamicLoading>
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<LangVersion>12</LangVersion>
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<Nullable>enable</Nullable>
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</PropertyGroup>
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<ItemGroup>
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<!-- GFramework 包 -->
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<PackageReference Include="GFramework.Core" Version="1.0.0" />
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<PackageReference Include="GFramework.Game" Version="1.0.0" />
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<PackageReference Include="GFramework.Godot" Version="1.0.0" />
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</ItemGroup>
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</Project>
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```
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### 1.3 创建项目结构
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```
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MyShooterGame/
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├── Scripts/
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│ ├── Architecture/
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│ │ └── GameArchitecture.cs
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│ ├── Models/
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│ │ ├── PlayerModel.cs
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│ │ └── GameModel.cs
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│ ├── Systems/
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│ │ ├── GameplaySystem.cs
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│ │ └── SpawnSystem.cs
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│ ├── Controllers/
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│ │ └── PlayerController.cs
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│ └── Data/
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│ └── GameSaveData.cs
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├── Scenes/
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│ ├── Main.tscn
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│ ├── Menu.tscn
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│ ├── Game.tscn
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│ ├── Player.tscn
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│ └── Enemy.tscn
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└── UI/
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├── MainMenu.tscn
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├── HUD.tscn
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└── PauseMenu.tscn
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```
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**代码说明**：
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- 使用 Godot.NET.Sdk 4.3.0
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- 添加 GFramework 的三个核心包
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- 按功能组织代码结构
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## 步骤 2：创建游戏架构
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实现游戏的核心架构和数据模型。
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### 2.1 定义数据模型
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```csharp
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// Scripts/Models/PlayerModel.cs
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using GFramework.Core.Model;
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using GFramework.Core.Abstractions.Property;
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namespace MyShooterGame.Models
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{
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public class PlayerModel : AbstractModel
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{
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public BindableProperty<int> Health { get; } = new(100);
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public BindableProperty<int> MaxHealth { get; } = new(100);
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public BindableProperty<int> Score { get; } = new(0);
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public BindableProperty<int> Lives { get; } = new(3);
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public BindableProperty<bool> IsAlive { get; } = new(true);
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protected override void OnInit()
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{
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// 监听生命值变化
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Health.RegisterOnValueChanged(health =>
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{
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if (health <= 0)
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{
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IsAlive.Value = false;
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}
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});
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}
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public void Reset()
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{
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Health.Value = MaxHealth.Value;
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Score.Value = 0;
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Lives.Value = 3;
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IsAlive.Value = true;
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}
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public void TakeDamage(int damage)
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{
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Health.Value = Math.Max(0, Health.Value - damage);
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}
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public void AddScore(int points)
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{
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Score.Value += points;
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}
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public void LoseLife()
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{
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Lives.Value = Math.Max(0, Lives.Value - 1);
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if (Lives.Value > 0)
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{
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Health.Value = MaxHealth.Value;
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IsAlive.Value = true;
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}
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}
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}
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}
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```
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```csharp
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// Scripts/Models/GameModel.cs
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using GFramework.Core.Model;
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using GFramework.Core.Abstractions.Property;
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namespace MyShooterGame.Models
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{
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public class GameModel : AbstractModel
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{
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public BindableProperty<bool> IsPlaying { get; } = new(false);
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public BindableProperty<bool> IsPaused { get; } = new(false);
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public BindableProperty<int> CurrentWave { get; } = new(1);
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public BindableProperty<int> EnemiesAlive { get; } = new(0);
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public BindableProperty<float> GameTime { get; } = new(0f);
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protected override void OnInit()
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{
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// 初始化
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}
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public void StartGame()
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{
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IsPlaying.Value = true;
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IsPaused.Value = false;
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CurrentWave.Value = 1;
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EnemiesAlive.Value = 0;
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GameTime.Value = 0f;
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}
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public void PauseGame()
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{
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IsPaused.Value = true;
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}
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public void ResumeGame()
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{
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IsPaused.Value = false;
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}
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public void EndGame()
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{
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IsPlaying.Value = false;
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IsPaused.Value = false;
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}
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}
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}
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```
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### 2.2 定义存档数据
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```csharp
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// Scripts/Data/GameSaveData.cs
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using GFramework.Game.Abstractions.Data;
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using System;
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namespace MyShooterGame.Data
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{
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public class GameSaveData : IVersionedData
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{
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public int Version { get; set; } = 1;
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public DateTime SaveTime { get; set; }
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// 玩家数据
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public int HighScore { get; set; }
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public int TotalKills { get; set; }
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public float TotalPlayTime { get; set; }
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// 设置
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public float MusicVolume { get; set; } = 0.8f;
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public float SfxVolume { get; set; } = 1.0f;
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}
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}
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```
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### 2.3 创建游戏架构
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```csharp
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// Scripts/Architecture/GameArchitecture.cs
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using GFramework.Godot.Architecture;
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using GFramework.Core.Abstractions.Architecture;
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using GFramework.Game.Abstractions.Data;
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using GFramework.Game.Abstractions.Storage;
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using GFramework.Game.Data;
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using GFramework.Game.Storage;
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using MyShooterGame.Models;
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using MyShooterGame.Systems;
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using MyShooterGame.Data;
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using Godot;
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namespace MyShooterGame.Architecture
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{
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public class GameArchitecture : AbstractArchitecture
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{
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public static GameArchitecture Interface { get; private set; }
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public GameArchitecture()
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{
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Interface = this;
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}
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protected override void InstallModules()
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{
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GD.Print("=== 初始化游戏架构 ===");
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// 注册存储系统
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var storage = new FileStorage("user://saves");
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RegisterUtility<IFileStorage>(storage);
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// 注册存档仓库
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var saveConfig = new SaveConfiguration
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{
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SaveRoot = "",
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SaveSlotPrefix = "save_",
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SaveFileName = "data.json"
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};
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var saveRepo = new SaveRepository<GameSaveData>(storage, saveConfig);
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RegisterUtility<ISaveRepository<GameSaveData>>(saveRepo);
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// 注册 Model
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RegisterModel(new PlayerModel());
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RegisterModel(new GameModel());
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// 注册 System
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RegisterSystem(new GameplaySystem());
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RegisterSystem(new SpawnSystem());
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GD.Print("游戏架构初始化完成");
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}
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}
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}
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```
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**代码说明**：
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- `PlayerModel` 管理玩家状态
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- `GameModel` 管理游戏状态
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- `GameSaveData` 定义存档结构
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- `GameArchitecture` 注册所有组件
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## 步骤 3：实现游戏系统
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创建游戏逻辑系统。
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### 3.1 游戏逻辑系统
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```csharp
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// Scripts/Systems/GameplaySystem.cs
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using GFramework.Core.System;
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using GFramework.Core.Extensions;
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using MyShooterGame.Models;
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using Godot;
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namespace MyShooterGame.Systems
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{
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public class GameplaySystem : AbstractSystem
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{
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public void StartNewGame()
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{
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GD.Print("开始新游戏");
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var playerModel = this.GetModel<PlayerModel>();
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var gameModel = this.GetModel<GameModel>();
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// 重置数据
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playerModel.Reset();
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gameModel.StartGame();
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}
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public void GameOver()
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{
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GD.Print("游戏结束");
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var gameModel = this.GetModel<GameModel>();
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gameModel.EndGame();
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// 保存最高分
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SaveHighScore();
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}
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public void PauseGame()
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{
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var gameModel = this.GetModel<GameModel>();
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gameModel.PauseGame();
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GetTree().Paused = true;
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}
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public void ResumeGame()
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{
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var gameModel = this.GetModel<GameModel>();
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gameModel.ResumeGame();
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GetTree().Paused = false;
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}
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private void SaveHighScore()
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{
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// 实现最高分保存逻辑
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}
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private SceneTree GetTree()
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{
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return (SceneTree)Engine.GetMainLoop();
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}
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}
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}
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```
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### 3.2 敌人生成系统
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```csharp
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// Scripts/Systems/SpawnSystem.cs
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using GFramework.Core.System;
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using GFramework.Core.Extensions;
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using GFramework.Core.Abstractions.Coroutine;
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using GFramework.Core.Coroutine;
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using MyShooterGame.Models;
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using Godot;
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using System.Collections.Generic;
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namespace MyShooterGame.Systems
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{
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public class SpawnSystem : AbstractSystem
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{
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private PackedScene _enemyScene;
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private Node2D _spawnRoot;
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private CoroutineHandle? _spawnCoroutine;
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public void Initialize(Node2D spawnRoot, PackedScene enemyScene)
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{
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_spawnRoot = spawnRoot;
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_enemyScene = enemyScene;
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}
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public void StartSpawning()
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{
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if (_spawnCoroutine.HasValue)
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{
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this.StopCoroutine(_spawnCoroutine.Value);
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}
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_spawnCoroutine = this.StartCoroutine(SpawnEnemiesCoroutine());
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}
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public void StopSpawning()
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{
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if (_spawnCoroutine.HasValue)
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{
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this.StopCoroutine(_spawnCoroutine.Value);
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_spawnCoroutine = null;
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}
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}
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private IEnumerator<IYieldInstruction> SpawnEnemiesCoroutine()
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{
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var gameModel = this.GetModel<GameModel>();
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while (gameModel.IsPlaying.Value)
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{
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// 等待 2 秒
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yield return CoroutineHelper.WaitForSeconds(2.0);
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// 生成敌人
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if (!gameModel.IsPaused.Value)
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{
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SpawnEnemy();
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}
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}
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}
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private void SpawnEnemy()
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{
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if (_enemyScene == null || _spawnRoot == null)
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return;
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var enemy = _enemyScene.Instantiate<Node2D>();
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_spawnRoot.AddChild(enemy);
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// 随机位置
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var random = new Random();
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enemy.Position = new Vector2(
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random.Next(100, 900),
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-50
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);
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var gameModel = this.GetModel<GameModel>();
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gameModel.EnemiesAlive.Value++;
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GD.Print($"生成敌人，当前数量: {gameModel.EnemiesAlive.Value}");
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}
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}
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}
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```
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**代码说明**：
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- `GameplaySystem` 管理游戏流程
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- `SpawnSystem` 使用协程定时生成敌人
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- 系统之间通过 Model 共享数据
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## 步骤 4：创建玩家控制器
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实现玩家的移动和射击。
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```csharp
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// Scripts/Controllers/PlayerController.cs
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using GFramework.Core.Abstractions.Controller;
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using GFramework.Core.Extensions;
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using GFramework.SourceGenerators.Abstractions.Rule;
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using MyShooterGame.Architecture;
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using MyShooterGame.Models;
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using Godot;
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namespace MyShooterGame.Controllers
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{
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[ContextAware]
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public partial class PlayerController : CharacterBody2D, IController
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{
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[Export] public float Speed = 300f;
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[Export] public PackedScene BulletScene;
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private float _shootCooldown = 0f;
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private const float ShootInterval = 0.2f;
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public override void _Ready()
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{
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// 监听玩家死亡（使用扩展方法访问架构（[ContextAware] 实现 IContextAware 接口））
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var playerModel = this.GetModel<PlayerModel>();
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playerModel.IsAlive.RegisterOnValueChanged(isAlive =>
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{
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if (!isAlive)
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{
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OnPlayerDied();
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}
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});
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}
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public override void _Process(double delta)
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{
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_shootCooldown -= (float)delta;
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// 射击
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if (Input.IsActionPressed("shoot") && _shootCooldown <= 0)
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{
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Shoot();
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_shootCooldown = ShootInterval;
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}
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}
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public override void _PhysicsProcess(double delta)
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{
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// 移动
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var velocity = Vector2.Zero;
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if (Input.IsActionPressed("move_left"))
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velocity.X -= 1;
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if (Input.IsActionPressed("move_right"))
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velocity.X += 1;
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if (Input.IsActionPressed("move_up"))
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velocity.Y -= 1;
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if (Input.IsActionPressed("move_down"))
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velocity.Y += 1;
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Velocity = velocity.Normalized() * Speed;
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MoveAndSlide();
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// 限制在屏幕内
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var screenSize = GetViewportRect().Size;
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Position = new Vector2(
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Mathf.Clamp(Position.X, 0, screenSize.X),
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Mathf.Clamp(Position.Y, 0, screenSize.Y)
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);
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}
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private void Shoot()
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{
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if (BulletScene == null)
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return;
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var bullet = BulletScene.Instantiate<Node2D>();
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GetParent().AddChild(bullet);
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bullet.GlobalPosition = GlobalPosition + new Vector2(0, -20);
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GD.Print("发射子弹");
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}
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public void TakeDamage(int damage)
|
||
{
|
||
var playerModel = this.GetModel<PlayerModel>();
|
||
playerModel.TakeDamage(damage);
|
||
|
||
GD.Print($"玩家受伤，剩余生命: {playerModel.Health.Value}");
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
private void OnPlayerDied()
|
||
{
|
||
GD.Print("玩家死亡");
|
||
|
||
var playerModel = this.GetModel<PlayerModel>();
|
||
playerModel.LoseLife();
|
||
|
||
if (playerModel.Lives.Value > 0)
|
||
{
|
||
// 重生
|
||
Position = new Vector2(400, 500);
|
||
}
|
||
else
|
||
{
|
||
// 游戏结束
|
||
var gameplaySystem = this.GetSystem<GameplaySystem>();
|
||
gameplaySystem.GameOver();
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
**代码说明**：
|
||
|
||
- 实现 `IController` 接口访问架构
|
||
- 使用 Godot 的输入系统
|
||
- 通过 Model 更新游戏状态
|
||
- 监听属性变化响应事件
|
||
|
||
## 步骤 5：创建游戏场景
|
||
|
||
### 5.1 主场景 (Main.tscn)
|
||
|
||
创建主场景并添加架构初始化脚本：
|
||
|
||
```csharp
|
||
// Scripts/Main.cs
|
||
using Godot;
|
||
using MyShooterGame.Architecture;
|
||
|
||
public partial class Main : Node
|
||
{
|
||
private GameArchitecture _architecture;
|
||
|
||
public override async void _Ready()
|
||
{
|
||
GD.Print("初始化游戏");
|
||
|
||
// 创建并初始化架构
|
||
_architecture = new GameArchitecture();
|
||
await _architecture.InitializeAsync();
|
||
|
||
GD.Print("架构初始化完成，切换到菜单");
|
||
|
||
// 加载菜单场景
|
||
GetTree().ChangeSceneToFile("res://Scenes/Menu.tscn");
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 5.2 菜单场景 (Menu.tscn)
|
||
|
||
创建菜单UI并添加控制脚本：
|
||
|
||
```csharp
|
||
// Scripts/UI/MenuController.cs
|
||
using Godot;
|
||
using GFramework.Core.Abstractions.Controller;
|
||
using GFramework.Core.Extensions;
|
||
using GFramework.SourceGenerators.Abstractions.Rule;
|
||
using MyShooterGame.Architecture;
|
||
using MyShooterGame.Systems;
|
||
|
||
[ContextAware]
|
||
public partial class MenuController : Control, IController
|
||
{
|
||
public override void _Ready()
|
||
{
|
||
// 连接按钮信号
|
||
GetNode<Button>("VBoxContainer/StartButton").Pressed += OnStartPressed;
|
||
GetNode<Button>("VBoxContainer/QuitButton").Pressed += OnQuitPressed;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
private void OnStartPressed()
|
||
{
|
||
GD.Print("开始游戏");
|
||
|
||
// 初始化游戏（使用扩展方法访问架构（[ContextAware] 实现 IContextAware 接口））
|
||
var gameplaySystem = this.GetSystem<GameplaySystem>();
|
||
gameplaySystem.StartNewGame();
|
||
|
||
// 切换到游戏场景
|
||
GetTree().ChangeSceneToFile("res://Scenes/Game.tscn");
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
private void OnQuitPressed()
|
||
{
|
||
GetTree().Quit();
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 5.3 游戏场景 (Game.tscn)
|
||
|
||
创建游戏场景并添加控制脚本：
|
||
|
||
```csharp
|
||
// Scripts/GameScene.cs
|
||
using Godot;
|
||
using GFramework.Core.Abstractions.Controller;
|
||
using GFramework.Core.Abstractions.Architecture;
|
||
using GFramework.Core.Extensions;
|
||
using GFramework.SourceGenerators.Abstractions.Rule;
|
||
using MyShooterGame.Architecture;
|
||
using MyShooterGame.Systems;
|
||
using MyShooterGame.Models;
|
||
|
||
[ContextAware]
|
||
public partial class GameScene : Node2D, IController
|
||
{
|
||
[Export] public PackedScene EnemyScene;
|
||
|
||
private SpawnSystem _spawnSystem;
|
||
|
||
public override void _Ready()
|
||
{
|
||
// 初始化生成系统（使用扩展方法访问架构（[ContextAware] 实现 IContextAware 接口））
|
||
_spawnSystem = this.GetSystem<SpawnSystem>();
|
||
_spawnSystem.Initialize(this, EnemyScene);
|
||
_spawnSystem.StartSpawning();
|
||
|
||
// 监听游戏状态
|
||
var gameModel = this.GetModel<GameModel>();
|
||
gameModel.IsPlaying.RegisterOnValueChanged(isPlaying =>
|
||
{
|
||
if (!isPlaying)
|
||
{
|
||
OnGameOver();
|
||
}
|
||
});
|
||
|
||
GD.Print("游戏场景已加载");
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
public override void _Process(double delta)
|
||
{
|
||
// 更新游戏时间
|
||
var gameModel = this.GetModel<GameModel>();
|
||
if (gameModel.IsPlaying.Value && !gameModel.IsPaused.Value)
|
||
{
|
||
gameModel.GameTime.Value += (float)delta;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// 暂停
|
||
if (Input.IsActionJustPressed("ui_cancel"))
|
||
{
|
||
TogglePause();
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
private void TogglePause()
|
||
{
|
||
var gameplaySystem = this.GetSystem<GameplaySystem>();
|
||
var gameModel = this.GetModel<GameModel>();
|
||
|
||
if (gameModel.IsPaused.Value)
|
||
{
|
||
gameplaySystem.ResumeGame();
|
||
}
|
||
else
|
||
{
|
||
gameplaySystem.PauseGame();
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
private void OnGameOver()
|
||
{
|
||
GD.Print("游戏结束，返回菜单");
|
||
_spawnSystem.StopSpawning();
|
||
|
||
// 延迟返回菜单
|
||
GetTree().CreateTimer(2.0).Timeout += () =>
|
||
{
|
||
GetTree().ChangeSceneToFile("res://Scenes/Menu.tscn");
|
||
};
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
**代码说明**：
|
||
|
||
- `Main` 初始化架构
|
||
- `MenuController` 处理菜单交互
|
||
- `GameScene` 管理游戏场景
|
||
- 所有脚本通过架构访问系统和模型
|
||
|
||
## 完整代码
|
||
|
||
项目结构和所有代码文件已在上述步骤中提供。
|
||
|
||
## 运行结果
|
||
|
||
运行游戏后，你将看到：
|
||
|
||
1. **启动**：
|
||
- 架构初始化
|
||
- 自动进入主菜单
|
||
|
||
2. **主菜单**：
|
||
- 显示开始和退出按钮
|
||
- 点击开始进入游戏
|
||
|
||
3. **游戏场景**：
|
||
- 玩家可以移动和射击
|
||
- 敌人定时生成
|
||
- HUD 显示分数和生命值
|
||
- 按 ESC 暂停游戏
|
||
|
||
4. **游戏结束**：
|
||
- 玩家生命值为 0 时游戏结束
|
||
- 显示最终分数
|
||
- 自动返回主菜单
|
||
|
||
**验证步骤**：
|
||
|
||
1. 架构正确初始化
|
||
2. 场景切换正常
|
||
3. 玩家控制响应
|
||
4. 敌人生成系统工作
|
||
5. 数据模型正确更新
|
||
6. 暂停功能正常
|
||
|
||
## 下一步
|
||
|
||
恭喜！你已经完成了一个基础的 Godot 游戏项目。接下来可以：
|
||
|
||
- 添加更多游戏功能（道具、关卡等）
|
||
- 实现完整的 UI 系统
|
||
- 添加音效和音乐
|
||
- 优化性能和体验
|
||
- 发布到不同平台
|
||
|
||
## 相关文档
|
||
|
||
- [Godot 架构集成](/zh-CN/godot/architecture) - 架构详细说明
|
||
- [Godot 场景系统](/zh-CN/godot/scene) - 场景管理
|
||
- [Godot UI 系统](/zh-CN/godot/ui) - UI 管理
|
||
- [Godot 扩展](/zh-CN/godot/extensions) - 扩展功能
|