mirror of
https://github.com/GeWuYou/GFramework.git
synced 2026-03-23 03:04:29 +08:00
88a528746d
- 将描述从英文改为中文，突出框架的游戏开发定位 - 添加base路径配置以支持GitHub Pages部署 - 重构导航菜单，提供更清晰的文档分类 - 创建详细的侧边栏结构，涵盖入门指南、核心框架、游戏模块等内容 - 更新首页Hero区域，添加框架Logo和现代化功能介绍 - 移除默认示例页面，替换为实际的框架文档 - 添加页脚版权信息和Apache许可证声明 - 创建核心框架、游戏模块和Godot集成的概览文档 - 添加入门指南，包括安装配置、快速开始和架构概览 - 实现完整的多层级文档导航和内容组织
354 lines
8.4 KiB
Markdown
354 lines
8.4 KiB
Markdown
# 架构概览
|
||
|
||
GFramework 采用经典的五层架构模式，结合 CQRS 和事件驱动设计，为游戏开发提供清晰、可维护的架构基础。
|
||
|
||
## 核心架构模式
|
||
|
||
### 五层架构
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
┌─────────────────────────────────────────┐
|
||
│ View / UI │ ← 用户界面层
|
||
├─────────────────────────────────────────┤
|
||
│ Controller │ ← 控制层
|
||
├─────────────────────────────────────────┤
|
||
│ System │ ← 业务逻辑层
|
||
├─────────────────────────────────────────┤
|
||
│ Model │ ← 数据层
|
||
├─────────────────────────────────────────┤
|
||
│ Utility │ ← 工具层
|
||
└─────────────────────────────────────────┘
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 跨层操作机制
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
Command ──┐
|
||
Query ──┼──→ 跨层操作（修改/查询数据）
|
||
Event ──┘
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 生命周期阶段
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
初始化：Init → BeforeUtilityInit → AfterUtilityInit → BeforeModelInit → AfterModelInit → BeforeSystemInit → AfterSystemInit → Ready
|
||
销毁：Destroy → Destroying → Destroyed
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## 核心组件详解
|
||
|
||
### 1. Architecture（架构）
|
||
|
||
应用的中央调度器，负责管理所有组件的生命周期。
|
||
|
||
```csharp
|
||
public class GameArchitecture : Architecture
|
||
{
|
||
protected override void Init()
|
||
{
|
||
// 注册所有组件
|
||
RegisterModel(new PlayerModel());
|
||
RegisterSystem(new CombatSystem());
|
||
RegisterUtility(new StorageUtility());
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
**主要职责：**
|
||
|
||
- 组件注册和管理
|
||
- 生命周期协调
|
||
- 依赖注入
|
||
- 跨组件通信协调
|
||
|
||
### 2. Model（数据模型）
|
||
|
||
应用的状态存储层，只负责数据的存储和管理。
|
||
|
||
```csharp
|
||
public class PlayerModel : AbstractModel
|
||
{
|
||
public BindableProperty<int> Health { get; } = new(100);
|
||
public BindableProperty<string> Name { get; } = new("Player");
|
||
|
||
protected override void OnInit()
|
||
{
|
||
// 监听自身数据变化
|
||
Health.Register(OnHealthChanged);
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
private void OnHealthChanged(int newHealth)
|
||
{
|
||
if (newHealth <= 0)
|
||
this.SendEvent(new PlayerDiedEvent());
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
**设计原则：**
|
||
|
||
- 只存储数据，不包含业务逻辑
|
||
- 使用 BindableProperty 实现响应式数据
|
||
- 通过事件通知数据变化
|
||
|
||
### 3. System（业务系统）
|
||
|
||
应用的业务逻辑处理层。
|
||
|
||
```csharp
|
||
public class CombatSystem : AbstractSystem
|
||
{
|
||
protected override void OnInit()
|
||
{
|
||
// 监听战斗相关事件
|
||
this.RegisterEvent<EnemyAttackEvent>(OnEnemyAttack);
|
||
this.RegisterEvent<PlayerAttackEvent>(OnPlayerAttack);
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
private void OnEnemyAttack(EnemyAttackEvent e)
|
||
{
|
||
var playerModel = this.GetModel<PlayerModel>();
|
||
playerModel.Health.Value -= e.Damage;
|
||
this.SendEvent(new PlayerTookDamageEvent { Damage = e.Damage });
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
**职责范围：**
|
||
|
||
- 处理具体的业务逻辑
|
||
- 响应事件并修改模型数据
|
||
- 发送新的事件通知其他组件
|
||
|
||
### 4. Controller（控制器）
|
||
|
||
连接 UI 和业务逻辑的桥梁。
|
||
|
||
```csharp
|
||
public class PlayerController : IController
|
||
{
|
||
private IArchitecture _architecture;
|
||
private PlayerModel _playerModel;
|
||
|
||
public PlayerController(IArchitecture architecture)
|
||
{
|
||
_architecture = architecture;
|
||
_playerModel = architecture.GetModel<PlayerModel>();
|
||
|
||
// 监听模型变化并更新 UI
|
||
_playerModel.Health.RegisterWithInitValue(UpdateHealthDisplay);
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
public void OnPlayerInput(Vector2 direction)
|
||
{
|
||
// 将用户输入转换为命令
|
||
_architecture.SendCommand(new MovePlayerCommand { Direction = direction });
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
private void UpdateHealthDisplay(int health)
|
||
{
|
||
// 更新 UI 显示
|
||
Console.WriteLine($"Player Health: {health}");
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
**核心功能：**
|
||
|
||
- 接收用户输入
|
||
- 发送命令到系统
|
||
- 监听模型变化更新 UI
|
||
- 协调 UI 和业务逻辑
|
||
|
||
### 5. Utility（工具类）
|
||
|
||
提供无状态的辅助功能。
|
||
|
||
```csharp
|
||
public class StorageUtility : IUtility
|
||
{
|
||
public void SaveData<T>(string key, T data)
|
||
{
|
||
// 实现数据保存逻辑
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
public T LoadData<T>(string key, T defaultValue = default)
|
||
{
|
||
// 实现数据加载逻辑
|
||
return defaultValue;
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
**使用场景：**
|
||
|
||
- 数据存储和读取
|
||
- 数学计算工具
|
||
- 字符串处理
|
||
- 网络通信辅助
|
||
|
||
## 通信机制
|
||
|
||
### 1. Command（命令）
|
||
|
||
用于修改应用状态的操作：
|
||
|
||
```csharp
|
||
public class MovePlayerCommand : AbstractCommand
|
||
{
|
||
public Vector2 Direction { get; set; }
|
||
|
||
protected override void OnDo()
|
||
{
|
||
// 执行移动逻辑
|
||
this.SendEvent(new PlayerMovedEvent { Position = CalculateNewPosition() });
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 2. Query（查询）
|
||
|
||
用于查询应用状态：
|
||
|
||
```csharp
|
||
public class GetPlayerHealthQuery : AbstractQuery<int>
|
||
{
|
||
protected override int OnDo()
|
||
{
|
||
var playerModel = this.GetModel<PlayerModel>();
|
||
return playerModel.Health.Value;
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 3. Event（事件）
|
||
|
||
组件间通信的主要机制：
|
||
|
||
```csharp
|
||
// 发送事件
|
||
this.SendEvent(new PlayerDiedEvent());
|
||
|
||
// 监听事件
|
||
this.RegisterEvent<PlayerDiedEvent>(OnPlayerDied);
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## 响应式编程
|
||
|
||
### BindableProperty
|
||
|
||
```csharp
|
||
public class PlayerModel : AbstractModel
|
||
{
|
||
public BindableProperty<int> Health { get; } = new(100);
|
||
public BindableProperty<string> Name { get; } = new("Player");
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// 使用方式
|
||
playerModel.Health.Value = 50; // 自动触发所有监听器
|
||
playerModel.Health.Register(newValue => {
|
||
Console.WriteLine($"Health changed to: {newValue}");
|
||
});
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 数据绑定优势
|
||
|
||
- **自动更新**：数据变化自动通知监听者
|
||
- **内存安全**：自动管理监听器生命周期
|
||
- **类型安全**：编译时类型检查
|
||
- **性能优化**：只在值真正改变时触发
|
||
|
||
## 最佳实践
|
||
|
||
### 1. 分层职责明确
|
||
|
||
```csharp
|
||
// ✅ 正确：Model 只存储数据
|
||
public class PlayerModel : AbstractModel
|
||
{
|
||
public BindableProperty<int> Health { get; } = new(100);
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// ❌ 错误：Model 包含业务逻辑
|
||
public class PlayerModel : AbstractModel
|
||
{
|
||
public void TakeDamage(int damage) // 业务逻辑应该在 System 中
|
||
{
|
||
Health.Value -= damage;
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 2. 事件驱动设计
|
||
|
||
```csharp
|
||
// ✅ 正确：使用事件解耦
|
||
public class CombatSystem : AbstractSystem
|
||
{
|
||
private void OnPlayerAttack(PlayerAttackEvent e)
|
||
{
|
||
// 处理攻击逻辑
|
||
this.SendEvent(new EnemyDamagedEvent { Damage = CalculateDamage() });
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// ❌ 错误：直接调用其他组件
|
||
public class CombatSystem : AbstractSystem
|
||
{
|
||
private void OnPlayerAttack(PlayerAttackEvent e)
|
||
{
|
||
var enemySystem = this.GetSystem<EnemySystem>(); // 紧耦合
|
||
enemySystem.TakeDamage(CalculateDamage());
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 3. 命令查询分离
|
||
|
||
```csharp
|
||
// ✅ 正确：明确区分命令和查询
|
||
public class MovePlayerCommand : AbstractCommand { } // 修改状态
|
||
public class GetPlayerPositionQuery : AbstractQuery<Vector2> { } // 查询状态
|
||
|
||
// ❌ 错误：混合读写操作
|
||
public class PlayerManager
|
||
{
|
||
public void MoveAndGetPosition(Vector2 direction, out Vector2 position) // 职责不清
|
||
{
|
||
// ...
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## 架构优势
|
||
|
||
### 1. 可维护性
|
||
|
||
- 清晰的职责分离
|
||
- 松耦合的组件设计
|
||
- 易于定位和修复问题
|
||
|
||
### 2. 可测试性
|
||
|
||
- 组件可独立测试
|
||
- 依赖可轻松模拟
|
||
- 支持单元测试和集成测试
|
||
|
||
### 3. 可扩展性
|
||
|
||
- 新功能通过添加组件实现
|
||
- 现有组件无需修改
|
||
- 支持插件化架构
|
||
|
||
### 4. 团队协作
|
||
|
||
- 统一的架构规范
|
||
- 易于新人上手
|
||
- 减少代码冲突
|
||
|
||
## 下一步学习
|
||
|
||
- [深入了解 Architecture 组件](/core/architecture/architecture)
|
||
- [掌握事件系统](/core/events/event-bus)
|
||
- [学习命令查询模式](/core/command-query/commands)
|
||
- [探索属性系统](/core/property/bindable-property) |