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445 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
445 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
# 基础教程
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这是一个完整的从零开始的教程，将带领你创建一个使用 GFramework 的简单游戏项目。
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## 📋 目录
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- [环境准备](#环境准备)
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- [项目创建](#项目创建)
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- [架构设计](#架构设计)
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- [功能实现](#功能实现)
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- [测试验证](#测试验证)
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## 环境准备
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### 系统要求
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- **操作系统**: Windows 10+, macOS 10.15+, 或 Linux
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- **.NET SDK**: 6.0 或更高版本
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- **Godot 引擎**: 4.5.1 或更高版本
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- **IDE**: Visual Studio 2022+, JetBrains Rider, 或 VS Code
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### 安装 .NET SDK
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1. 访问 [.NET 官网](https://dotnet.microsoft.com/download)
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2. 下载并安装 .NET 6.0 SDK
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3. 验证安装：
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```bash
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dotnet --version
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# 应该显示 6.0.x 或更高版本
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```
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### 安装 Godot
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1. 访问 [Godot 官网](https://godotengine.org/download)
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2. 下载 Godot 4.5.1
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3. 解压到合适的位置并启动
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4. 在编辑器设置中确认 .NET 支持
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### 验证环境
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创建一个测试项目验证环境：
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```bash
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# 创建测试项目
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dotnet new console -n TestProject
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cd TestProject
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# 如果使用 Godot，添加 Godot 引用
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dotnet add package GeWuYou.GFramework.Core
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dotnet add package GeWuYou.GFramework.Godot
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# 编译测试
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dotnet build
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```
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## 项目创建
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### 1. 创建新的 Godot 项目
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1. 打开 Godot 编辑器
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2. 点击 "新建项目"
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3. 创建项目文件夹，命名为 "MyGFrameworkGame"
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4. 选择 C# 作为脚本语言
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### 2. 配置项目结构
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在项目根目录创建以下文件夹结构：
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```
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MyGFrameworkGame/
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├── src/
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│ ├── Game/ # 游戏逻辑
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│ │ ├── Models/ # 数据模型
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│ │ ├── Systems/ # 业务系统
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│ │ ├── Controllers/ # 控制器
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│ │ └── Utilities/ # 工具类
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│ └── Game.Core/ # 核心游戏组件
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├── assets/ # 游戏资源
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│ ├── scenes/
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│ ├── textures/
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│ ├── audio/
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│ └── ui/
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└── project.godot # Godot 项目文件
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```
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### 3. 配置项目文件
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创建 `src/Game/Game.csproj`:
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```xml
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<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
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<PropertyGroup>
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<TargetFramework>net6.0</TargetFramework>
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<RootNamespace>MyGFrameworkGame</RootNamespace>
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<Nullable>enable</Nullable>
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</PropertyGroup>
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<ItemGroup>
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<ProjectReference Include="..\Game.Core\Game.Core.csproj" />
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</ItemGroup>
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<ItemGroup>
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<PackageReference Include="GeWuYou.GFramework.Core" Version="1.0.0" />
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<PackageReference Include="GeWuYou.GFramework.Game" Version="1.0.0" />
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<PackageReference Include="GeWuYou.GFramework.Godot" Version="1.0.0" />
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<PackageReference Include="GeWuYou.GFramework.SourceGenerators" Version="1.0.0" />
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</ItemGroup>
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</Project>
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```
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创建 `src/Game.Core/Game.Core.csproj`:
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```xml
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<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
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<PropertyGroup>
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<TargetFramework>net6.0</TargetFramework>
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<RootNamespace>MyGFrameworkGame.Core</RootNamespace>
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<Nullable>enable</Nullable>
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</PropertyGroup>
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<ItemGroup>
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<PackageReference Include="GeWuYou.GFramework.Core" Version="1.0.0" />
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<PackageReference Include="GeWuYou.GFramework.Core.Abstractions" Version="1.0.0" />
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<PackageReference Include="GeWuYou.GFramework.Game" Version="1.0.0" />
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<PackageReference Include="GeWuYou.GFramework.Game.Abstractions" Version="1.0.0" />
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</ItemGroup>
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</Project>
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```
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## 架构设计
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### 1. 定义游戏架构
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创建 `src/Game.Core/Architecture/GameArchitecture.cs`:
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```csharp
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using GFramework.Core.architecture;
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using MyGFrameworkGame.Core.Models;
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using MyGFrameworkGame.Core.Systems;
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namespace MyGFrameworkGame.Core.Architecture
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{
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public class GameArchitecture : AbstractArchitecture
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{
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protected override void Init()
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{
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// 注册游戏模型
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RegisterModel(new PlayerModel());
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RegisterModel(new GameModel());
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// 注册游戏系统
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RegisterSystem(new PlayerControllerSystem());
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RegisterSystem(new CollisionSystem());
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// 注册工具类
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RegisterUtility(new StorageUtility());
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}
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}
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}
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```
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### 2. 创建核心模型
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创建 `src/Game.Core/Models/PlayerModel.cs`:
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```csharp
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using GFramework.Core.model;
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namespace MyGFrameworkGame.Core.Models
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{
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public class PlayerModel : AbstractModel
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{
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public BindableProperty<int> Health { get; } = new(100);
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public BindableProperty<int> Score { get; } = new(0);
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public BindableProperty<bool> IsAlive { get; } = new(true);
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protected override void OnInit()
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{
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// 监听生命值变化
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Health.Register(health => {
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if (health <= 0)
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{
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IsAlive.Value = false;
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SendEvent(new PlayerDeathEvent());
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}
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});
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}
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public void TakeDamage(int damage)
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{
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if (IsAlive.Value)
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{
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Health.Value = Math.Max(0, Health.Value - damage);
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}
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}
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}
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// 游戏事件
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public struct PlayerDeathEvent { }
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}
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```
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## 功能实现
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### 1. 创建主场景
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创建 `src/Game/MainScene.cs`:
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```csharp
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using Godot;
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using GFramework.Godot.extensions;
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using GFramework.Godot.architecture;
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using MyGFrameworkGame.Core.Architecture;
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using MyGFrameworkGame.Core.Models;
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namespace MyGFrameworkGame
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{
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[ContextAware]
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[Log]
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public partial class MainScene : Node2D
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{
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private GameArchitecture _architecture;
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private Player _player;
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public override void _Ready()
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{
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Logger.Info("Main scene ready");
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// 初始化架构
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InitializeArchitecture();
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// 创建游戏对象
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CreateGameObjects();
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// 注册事件监听
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RegisterEventListeners();
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}
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private void InitializeArchitecture()
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{
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_architecture = new GameArchitecture();
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_architecture.Initialize();
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SetContext(_architecture.Context);
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}
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private void CreateGameObjects()
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{
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var playerScene = GD.Load<PackedScene>("res://assets/scenes/Player.tscn");
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_player = playerScene.Instantiate<Player>();
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AddChild(_player);
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}
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private void RegisterEventListeners()
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{
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this.RegisterEvent<PlayerDeathEvent>(OnPlayerDeath)
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.UnRegisterWhenNodeExitTree(this);
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}
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private void OnPlayerDeath(PlayerDeathEvent e)
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{
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Logger.Info("Player died");
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// 处理玩家死亡逻辑
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}
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}
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}
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```
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### 2. 创建玩家控制器
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创建 `src/Game/Player.cs`:
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```csharp
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using Godot;
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using GFramework.Godot.extensions;
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using MyGFrameworkGame.Core.Models;
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namespace MyGFrameworkGame
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{
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[ContextAware]
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[Log]
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public partial class Player : CharacterBody2D
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{
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private PlayerModel _playerModel;
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public override void _Ready()
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{
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_playerModel = Context.GetModel<PlayerModel>();
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// 注册事件监听
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this.RegisterEvent<PlayerMoveEvent>(OnPlayerMove)
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.UnRegisterWhenNodeExitTree(this);
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}
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public override void _Process(double delta)
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{
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HandleInput();
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MoveAndSlide();
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}
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private void HandleInput()
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{
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var inputVector = Input.GetVector("ui_left", "ui_right", "ui_up", "ui_down");
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if (inputVector != Vector2.Zero)
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{
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SendEvent(new PlayerMoveEvent { Direction = inputVector });
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}
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}
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private void OnPlayerMove(PlayerMoveEvent e)
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{
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Velocity = e.Direction * 300.0f;
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}
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}
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public struct PlayerMoveEvent
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{
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public Vector2 Direction { get; set; }
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}
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}
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```
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## 测试验证
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### 1. 创建测试项目
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创建 `tests/Game.Tests/Game.Tests.csproj`:
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```xml
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<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
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<PropertyGroup>
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<TargetFramework>net6.0</TargetFramework>
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<IsPackable>false</IsPackable>
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</PropertyGroup>
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<ItemGroup>
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<PackageReference Include="Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk" Version="17.3.2" />
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<PackageReference Include="NUnit" Version="3.13.3" />
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<PackageReference Include="NUnit3TestAdapter" Version="4.2.1" />
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<PackageReference Include="GeWuYou.GFramework.Core" Version="1.0.0" />
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</ItemGroup>
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<ItemGroup>
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<ProjectReference Include="..\..\src\Game.Core\Game.Core.csproj" />
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</ItemGroup>
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</Project>
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```
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### 2. 创建单元测试
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创建 `tests/Game.Tests/PlayerModelTests.cs`:
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```csharp
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using NUnit.Framework;
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using MyGFrameworkGame.Core.Models;
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using GFramework.Core.architecture;
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namespace MyGFrameworkGame.Tests
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{
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[TestFixture]
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public class PlayerModelTests
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{
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private TestArchitecture _architecture;
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private PlayerModel _playerModel;
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[SetUp]
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public void Setup()
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{
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_architecture = new TestArchitecture();
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_architecture.Initialize();
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_playerModel = _architecture.GetModel<PlayerModel>();
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}
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[Test]
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public void PlayerModel_InitialValues_ShouldBeCorrect()
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{
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Assert.That(_playerModel.Health.Value, Is.EqualTo(100));
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Assert.That(_playerModel.Score.Value, Is.EqualTo(0));
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Assert.That(_playerModel.IsAlive.Value, Is.True);
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}
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[Test]
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public void TakeDamage_ValidDamage_ShouldReduceHealth()
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{
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_playerModel.TakeDamage(20);
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Assert.That(_playerModel.Health.Value, Is.EqualTo(80));
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Assert.That(_playerModel.IsAlive.Value, Is.True);
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}
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[Test]
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public void TakeDamage_LethalDamage_ShouldKillPlayer()
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{
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_playerModel.TakeDamage(150);
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Assert.That(_playerModel.Health.Value, Is.EqualTo(0));
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Assert.That(_playerModel.IsAlive.Value, Is.False);
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}
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}
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public class TestArchitecture : Architecture
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{
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protected override void Init()
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{
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RegisterModel(new PlayerModel());
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}
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}
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}
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```
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### 3. 运行测试
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```bash
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cd tests/Game.Tests
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dotnet test
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```
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## 总结
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恭喜！你已经成功创建了一个完整的 GFramework 游戏项目基础框架。这个项目包含了：
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- ✅ **完整的架构设计** - 使用 GFramework 的五层架构
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- ✅ **核心游戏功能** - 玩家控制、基本游戏循环
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- ✅ **完善的测试** - 单元测试验证核心逻辑
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### 下一步建议
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1. **扩展游戏内容**：添加敌人、道具、关卡系统
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2. **完善 UI 系统**：创建菜单、HUD、游戏结束界面
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3. **添加音效系统**：背景音乐、音效播放
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4. **实现存档功能**：游戏进度保存和加载
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5. **优化性能**：使用对象池、减少内存分配
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### 学习资源
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- [GFramework 主文档](/)
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- [Core 模块文档](/core/overview)
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- [Godot 集成文档](/godot/overview)
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- [API 参考](/api-reference/core-api)
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享受游戏开发的乐趣吧！🎮 |