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- 将标题从"架构模式最佳实践"改为"架构设计模式指南" - 添加全面的架构设计模式介绍和概述 - 新增MVC模式详细说明，包括概念、GFramework实现示例和最佳实践 - 新增MVVM模式详细说明，包括概念、GFramework实现示例和最佳实践 - 新增命令模式详细说明，包括概念、实现示例和撤销功能支持 - 新增查询模式详细说明，包括CQRS概念和复杂查询示例 - 新增事件驱动模式详细说明，包括事件定义和监听实现 - 新增依赖注入模式详细说明，包括构造函数注入示例 - 新增服务定位器模式详细说明，包括与依赖注入对比 - 新增对象池模式详细说明，包括通用对象池实现 - 新增状态模式详细说明，包括异步状态和状态机系统 - 补充模式选择与组合建议，针对小型、中型、大型项目提供不同方案 - 更新代码示例中的泛型语法格式，统一使用尖括号表示法
385 lines
10 KiB
Markdown
385 lines
10 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: 移动平台优化指南
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description: 针对移动平台的性能优化、内存管理和电池优化最佳实践
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---
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# 移动平台优化指南
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## 概述
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移动平台游戏开发面临着独特的挑战：有限的内存、较弱的处理器、电池续航限制、触摸输入、多样的屏幕尺寸等。本指南将帮助你使用
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GFramework 开发高性能的移动游戏，提供针对性的优化策略和最佳实践。
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**移动平台的主要限制**：
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- **内存限制**：移动设备内存通常在 2-8GB，远低于 PC
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- **CPU 性能**：移动 CPU 性能较弱，且受热量限制
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- **GPU 性能**：移动 GPU 功能有限，填充率和带宽受限
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- **电池续航**：高性能运行会快速消耗电池
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- **存储空间**：应用包大小受限，用户存储空间有限
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- **网络环境**：移动网络不稳定，延迟较高
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**优化目标**：
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- 减少内存占用（目标：<200MB）
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- 降低 CPU 使用率（目标：<30%）
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- 优化 GPU 渲染（目标：60 FPS）
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- 延长电池续航（目标：3+ 小时）
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- 减小包体大小（目标：<100MB）
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## 核心概念
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### 1. 内存管理
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移动设备内存有限，需要精细管理：
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```csharp
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// 监控内存使用
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public class MemoryMonitor : AbstractSystem
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{
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private const long MemoryWarningThreshold = 150 * 1024 * 1024; // 150MB
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private const long MemoryCriticalThreshold = 200 * 1024 * 1024; // 200MB
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protected override void OnInit()
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{
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this.RegisterEvent<GameUpdateEvent>(OnUpdate);
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}
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private void OnUpdate(GameUpdateEvent e)
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{
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// 每 5 秒检查一次内存
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if (e.TotalTime % 5.0 < e.DeltaTime)
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{
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CheckMemoryUsage();
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}
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}
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private void CheckMemoryUsage()
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{
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var memoryUsage = GC.GetTotalMemory(false);
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if (memoryUsage > MemoryCriticalThreshold)
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{
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// 内存严重不足，强制清理
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SendEvent(new MemoryCriticalEvent());
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ForceMemoryCleanup();
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}
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else if (memoryUsage > MemoryWarningThreshold)
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{
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// 内存警告，温和清理
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SendEvent(new MemoryWarningEvent());
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SoftMemoryCleanup();
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}
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}
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private void ForceMemoryCleanup()
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{
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// 卸载不必要的资源
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var resourceManager = this.GetUtility<IResourceManager>();
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resourceManager.UnloadUnusedResources();
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// 清理对象池
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var poolSystem = this.GetSystem<ObjectPoolSystem>();
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poolSystem.TrimPools();
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// 强制 GC
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GC.Collect();
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GC.WaitForPendingFinalizers();
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GC.Collect();
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}
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private void SoftMemoryCleanup()
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{
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// 温和清理：只清理明确不需要的资源
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var resourceManager = this.GetUtility<IResourceManager>();
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resourceManager.UnloadUnusedResources();
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}
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}
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```
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### 2. 性能分析
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使用性能分析工具识别瓶颈：
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```csharp
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public class PerformanceProfiler : AbstractSystem
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{
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private readonly Dictionary<string, PerformanceMetrics> _metrics = new();
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public IDisposable Profile(string name)
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{
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return new ProfileScope(name, this);
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}
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private void RecordMetric(string name, double duration)
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{
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if (!_metrics.TryGetValue(name, out var metrics))
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{
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metrics = new PerformanceMetrics();
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_metrics[name] = metrics;
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}
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metrics.AddSample(duration);
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}
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public void PrintReport()
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{
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Console.WriteLine("\n=== 性能报告 ===");
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foreach (var (name, metrics) in _metrics.OrderByDescending(x => x.Value.AverageMs))
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{
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Console.WriteLine($"{name}:");
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Console.WriteLine($" 平均: {metrics.AverageMs:F2}ms");
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Console.WriteLine($" 最大: {metrics.MaxMs:F2}ms");
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Console.WriteLine($" 最小: {metrics.MinMs:F2}ms");
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Console.WriteLine($" 调用次数: {metrics.SampleCount}");
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}
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}
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private class ProfileScope : IDisposable
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{
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private readonly string _name;
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private readonly PerformanceProfiler _profiler;
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private readonly Stopwatch _stopwatch;
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public ProfileScope(string name, PerformanceProfiler profiler)
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{
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_name = name;
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_profiler = profiler;
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_stopwatch = Stopwatch.StartNew();
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}
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public void Dispose()
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{
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_stopwatch.Stop();
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_profiler.RecordMetric(_name, _stopwatch.Elapsed.TotalMilliseconds);
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}
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}
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}
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// 使用示例
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public class GameSystem : AbstractSystem
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{
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private PerformanceProfiler _profiler;
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protected override void OnInit()
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{
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_profiler = this.GetSystem<PerformanceProfiler>();
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}
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private void UpdateGame()
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{
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using (_profiler.Profile("GameUpdate"))
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{
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// 游戏更新逻辑
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}
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}
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}
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```
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### 3. 电池优化
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减少不必要的计算和渲染：
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```csharp
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public class PowerSavingSystem : AbstractSystem
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{
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private bool _isPowerSavingMode;
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private int _targetFrameRate = 60;
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protected override void OnInit()
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{
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this.RegisterEvent<BatteryLowEvent>(OnBatteryLow);
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this.RegisterEvent<BatteryNormalEvent>(OnBatteryNormal);
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}
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private void OnBatteryLow(BatteryLowEvent e)
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{
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EnablePowerSavingMode();
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}
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private void OnBatteryNormal(BatteryNormalEvent e)
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{
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DisablePowerSavingMode();
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}
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private void EnablePowerSavingMode()
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{
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_isPowerSavingMode = true;
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// 降低帧率
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_targetFrameRate = 30;
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Application.targetFrameRate = _targetFrameRate;
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// 降低渲染质量
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QualitySettings.SetQualityLevel(0);
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// 减少粒子效果
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SendEvent(new ReduceEffectsEvent());
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// 暂停非关键系统
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PauseNonCriticalSystems();
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Console.WriteLine("省电模式已启用");
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}
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private void DisablePowerSavingMode()
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{
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_isPowerSavingMode = false;
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// 恢复帧率
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_targetFrameRate = 60;
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Application.targetFrameRate = _targetFrameRate;
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// 恢复渲染质量
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QualitySettings.SetQualityLevel(2);
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// 恢复粒子效果
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SendEvent(new RestoreEffectsEvent());
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// 恢复非关键系统
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ResumeNonCriticalSystems();
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Console.WriteLine("省电模式已禁用");
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}
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private void PauseNonCriticalSystems()
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{
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// 暂停动画系统
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var animationSystem = this.GetSystem<AnimationSystem>();
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animationSystem?.Pause();
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// 暂停音效系统（保留音乐）
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var audioSystem = this.GetSystem<AudioSystem>();
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audioSystem?.PauseSoundEffects();
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}
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private void ResumeNonCriticalSystems()
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{
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var animationSystem = this.GetSystem<AnimationSystem>();
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animationSystem?.Resume();
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var audioSystem = this.GetSystem<AudioSystem>();
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audioSystem?.ResumeSoundEffects();
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}
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}
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```
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## 内存优化
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### 1. 资源管理策略
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实现智能资源加载和卸载：
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```csharp
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public class MobileResourceManager : AbstractSystem
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{
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private readonly IResourceManager _resourceManager;
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private readonly Dictionary<string, ResourcePriority> _resourcePriorities = new();
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private readonly HashSet<string> _loadedResources = new();
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public MobileResourceManager(IResourceManager resourceManager)
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{
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_resourceManager = resourceManager;
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}
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protected override void OnInit()
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{
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// 配置资源优先级
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ConfigureResourcePriorities();
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// 监听场景切换事件
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this.RegisterEvent<SceneChangedEvent>(OnSceneChanged);
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// 监听内存警告
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this.RegisterEvent<MemoryWarningEvent>(OnMemoryWarning);
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}
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private void ConfigureResourcePriorities()
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{
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// 高优先级：UI、玩家资源
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_resourcePriorities["ui/"] = ResourcePriority.High;
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_resourcePriorities["player/"] = ResourcePriority.High;
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// 中优先级：敌人、道具
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_resourcePriorities["enemy/"] = ResourcePriority.Medium;
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_resourcePriorities["item/"] = ResourcePriority.Medium;
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// 低优先级：特效、装饰
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_resourcePriorities["effect/"] = ResourcePriority.Low;
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_resourcePriorities["decoration/"] = ResourcePriority.Low;
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}
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public async Task<T> LoadResourceAsync<T>(string path) where T : class
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{
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// 检查内存
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if (IsMemoryLow())
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{
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// 内存不足，先清理低优先级资源
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UnloadLowPriorityResources();
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}
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var resource = await _resourceManager.LoadAsync<T>(path);
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_loadedResources.Add(path);
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return resource;
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}
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private void OnSceneChanged(SceneChangedEvent e)
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{
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// 场景切换时，卸载旧场景资源
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UnloadSceneResources(e.PreviousScene);
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// 预加载新场景资源
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PreloadSceneResources(e.NewScene);
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}
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private void OnMemoryWarning(MemoryWarningEvent e)
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{
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// 内存警告，卸载低优先级资源
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UnloadLowPriorityResources();
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}
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private void UnloadLowPriorityResources()
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{
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var resourcesToUnload = _loadedResources
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.Where(path => GetResourcePriority(path) == ResourcePriority.Low)
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.ToList();
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foreach (var path in resourcesToUnload)
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{
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_resourceManager.Unload(path);
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_loadedResources.Remove(path);
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}
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Console.WriteLine($"卸载了 {resourcesToUnload.Count} 个低优先级资源");
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}
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private ResourcePriority GetResourcePriority(string path)
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{
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foreach (var (prefix, priority) in _resourcePriorities)
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{
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if (path.StartsWith(prefix))
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return priority;
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}
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return ResourcePriority.Medium;
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}
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private bool IsMemoryLow()
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{
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var memoryUsage = GC.GetTotalMemory(false);
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return memoryUsage > 150 * 1024 * 1024; // 150MB
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}
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}
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public enum ResourcePriority
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{
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Low,
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Medium,
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High
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}
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```
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### 2. 纹理压缩和优化
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