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https://github.com/GeWuYou/GFramework.git
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- 添加 Architecture 包使用说明文档,介绍 MVC 架构模式实现 - 添加 Command 包使用说明文档,阐述命令模式设计和实现 - 添加 Controller 包使用说明文档,描述控制器接口规范 - 添加 Environment 包使用说明文档,定义环境配置功能 - 添加 Events 包使用说明文档,提供事件系统完整介绍
316 lines
8.3 KiB
Markdown
316 lines
8.3 KiB
Markdown
# Rule 包使用说明
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## 概述
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Rule 包定义了框架的核心规则接口,这些接口规定了框架各个组件之间的关系和约束。所有框架组件都需要遵循这些规则接口。
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## 核心接口
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### IContextAware
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标记接口,表示该类型可以感知架构上下文。
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**接口定义:**
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```csharp
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public interface IContextAware
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{
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void SetContext(IArchitectureContext context);
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IArchitectureContext GetContext();
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}
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```
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**实现此接口的类型:**
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- System
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- Query
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- Model
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- Command
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- 以及其他需要感知架构上下文的组件
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**作用:**
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所有实现此接口的类型都能够获取其所属的架构上下文实例,从而访问架构提供的各种能力。
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## 核心类
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### [`ContextAwareBase`](ContextAwareBase.cs)
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上下文感知基类,实现了 IContextAware 接口,为需要感知架构上下文的类提供基础实现。
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**使用方式:**
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```csharp
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public abstract class ContextAwareBase : IContextAware
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{
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protected IArchitectureContext? Context { get; set; }
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void IContextAware.SetContext(IArchitectureContext context)
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{
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Context = context;
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OnContextReady(); // 上下文准备好后调用此方法
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}
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IArchitectureContext IContextAware.GetContext()
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{
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Context ??= GameContext.GetFirstArchitectureContext();
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return Context;
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}
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protected virtual void OnContextReady() // 子类可以重写此方法进行初始化
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{
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}
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}
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```
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## 接口关系图
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```
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IContextAware (上下文感知接口)
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↓ 被继承于
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├── AbstractSystem (抽象系统基类)
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├── AbstractQuery<TInput, TResult> (抽象查询基类)
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├── AbstractModel (抽象模型基类)
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└── AbstractCommand (抽象命令基类)
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```
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## 使用场景
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### 1. Component 继承 ContextAwareBase
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```csharp
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// 组件通过继承 ContextAwareBase 获得架构上下文访问能力
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public partial class PlayerController : Node, IController
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{
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// 不再需要手动实现 IContextAware,基类已处理
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// 可以直接使用扩展方法
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public override void _Ready()
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{
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var playerModel = this.GetModel<PlayerModel>();
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this.SendCommand(new InitPlayerCommand());
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this.RegisterEvent<PlayerDiedEvent>(OnPlayerDied);
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}
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private void OnPlayerDied(PlayerDiedEvent e)
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{
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GD.Print("Player died!");
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}
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}
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```
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### 2. Command 继承 AbstractCommand (IContextAware)
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```csharp
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// Command 继承 AbstractCommand,自动成为 IContextAware
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public class BuyItemCommand : AbstractCommand
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{
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public string ItemId { get; set; }
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protected override void OnExecute()
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{
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// 框架或上下文系统会自动注入 IArchitectureContext
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// 所以这里可以直接使用 this.GetModel
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var playerModel = this.GetModel<PlayerModel>();
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var shopModel = this.GetModel<ShopModel>();
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int price = shopModel.GetItemPrice(ItemId);
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if (playerModel.Gold.Value >= price)
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{
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playerModel.Gold.Value -= price;
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this.SendCommand(new AddItemCommand { ItemId = ItemId });
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}
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}
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}
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```
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### 3. 自定义组件遵循规则
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```csharp
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// 自定义管理器遵循框架规则,继承 ContextAwareBase
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public class SaveManager : ContextAwareBase
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{
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// 不再需要手动构造函数传参,上下文由框架注入
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// protected override void OnContextReady() 可用于初始化
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public void SaveGame()
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{
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// 因为继承了 ContextAwareBase,可以使用扩展方法
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var playerModel = this.GetModel<PlayerModel>();
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var saveData = new SaveData
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{
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PlayerName = playerModel.Name.Value,
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Level = playerModel.Level.Value,
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Gold = playerModel.Gold.Value
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};
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// 保存逻辑...
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}
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}
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```
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## 规则约束
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### 1. 组件注册规则
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```csharp
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public class GameArchitecture : Architecture
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{
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protected override void Init()
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{
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// Model/System/Utility 自动获得架构引用
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this.RegisterModel<PlayerModel>(new PlayerModel());
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this.RegisterSystem<CombatSystem>(new CombatSystem());
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this.RegisterUtility<StorageUtility>(new StorageUtility());
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}
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}
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```
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### 2. Command/Query 自动注入规则
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```csharp
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// Controller 中发送 Command
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public class ShopUI : Control, IController
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{
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public IArchitecture GetArchitecture() => GameArchitecture.Interface;
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private void OnBuyButtonPressed()
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{
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var command = new BuyItemCommand { ItemId = "sword_01" };
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// SendCommand 内部会自动调用 command.SetArchitecture(this.GetArchitecture())
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this.SendCommand(command);
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}
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}
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// Command 执行时已经有了架构引用
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public class BuyItemCommand : AbstractCommand
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{
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public string ItemId { get; set; }
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protected override void OnExecute()
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{
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// 此时 GetArchitecture() 已经可用
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var model = this.GetModel<ShopModel>();
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}
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}
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```
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## 设计模式
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### 1. 依赖注入模式
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Rule 接口体现了依赖注入(DI)的思想:
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```csharp
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// 接口定义了"需要什么"
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public interface IContextAware
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{
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void SetContext(IArchitectureContext context);
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IArchitectureContext GetContext();
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}
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// 框架负责"提供什么"
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public static class CanSendExtensions
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{
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public static void SendCommand<T>(this ICanSendCommand self, T command)
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where T : ICommand
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{
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// 自动注入架构上下文依赖
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command.SetContext(self.GetContext());
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command.Execute();
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}
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}
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```
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### 2. 接口隔离原则(ISP)
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Rule 接口遵循接口隔离原则,每个接口职责单一:
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```csharp
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// ❌ 不好的设计:一个大接口包含所有能力
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public interface IBigInterface
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{
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void SetContext(IArchitectureContext context);
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IArchitectureContext GetContext();
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T GetModel<T>() where T : class, IModel;
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T GetSystem<T>() where T : class, ISystem;
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void SendCommand<T>(T command) where T : ICommand;
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// ... 更多方法
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}
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// ✅ 好的设计:小接口组合
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public interface IContextAware { ... } // 只负责上下文的设置与获取
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public interface ICanGetModel { ... } // 只负责获取 Model
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public interface ICanSendCommand { ... } // 只负责发送 Command
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```
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### 3. 组合优于继承
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通过接口组合实现不同能力:
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```csharp
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// Controller 需要获取 Model 和发送 Command
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public interface IController : ICanGetModel, ICanGetSystem, ICanSendCommand,
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ICanSendQuery, ICanRegisterEvent
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{
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}
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// Command 需要上下文感知和获取 Model/System
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public interface ICommand : IContextAware, ICanGetModel, ICanGetSystem,
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ICanSendEvent, ICanSendQuery
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{
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}
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// System 只需要获取其他组件
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public interface ISystem : IContextAware, ICanGetModel, ICanGetUtility, ICanGetSystem,
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ICanRegisterEvent, ICanSendEvent, ICanSendQuery
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{
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}
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```
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## 扩展规则
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### 自定义规则接口
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```csharp
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// 定义新的规则接口
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public interface ICanAccessDatabase : IBelongToArchitecture
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{
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}
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// 提供扩展方法
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public static class CanAccessDatabaseExtensions
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{
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public static DatabaseUtility GetDatabase(this ICanAccessDatabase self)
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{
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return self.GetArchitecture().GetUtility<DatabaseUtility>();
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}
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}
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// 让特定组件实现这个接口
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public class DatabaseCommand : AbstractCommand, ICanAccessDatabase
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{
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protected override void OnExecute()
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{
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var db = this.GetDatabase();
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// 使用数据库...
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}
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}
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```
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## 最佳实践
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1. **遵循既有规则** - 优先使用框架提供的规则接口
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2. **不要绕过规则** - 不要直接存储架构引用,使用接口获取
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3. **接口组合** - 通过实现多个小接口获得所需能力
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4. **扩展规则** - 需要新能力时,定义新的规则接口
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5. **保持一致** - 自定义组件也应遵循相同的规则体系
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## 相关包
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- [`architecture`](./architecture.md) - 定义 IArchitectureContext 接口
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- [`command`](./command.md) - Command 继承 AbstractCommand (IContextAware)
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- [`query`](./query.md) - Query 继承 AbstractQuery (IContextAware)
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- [`controller`](./controller.md) - Controller 实现 ICanSendCommand 等接口
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- [`system`](./system.md) - System 继承 AbstractSystem (IContextAware)
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- [`model`](./model.md) - Model 继承 AbstractModel (IContextAware)
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- [`extensions`](./extensions.md) - 基于规则接口提供扩展方法 |